CONSTRUCTION OF AN OPEN STEAM DISTILLATION
ABSTRACT
We constructed an open steam distillation column with the following specifications:-
FOR THE COLUMN
Height of column = 500mm
Length of pot = 50mm
Diameter of pot = 5mm
FOR THE STILL
Port of thickness = 500mm
Length of pot = 300mm
Diameter of pot = 100mm
FOR THE CONDESER
Condenser thickness = 2mm
Diameter of the connecting = 20mm
Pipe =
Length of pot = 200mm
Diameter of pot = 2mm
Generally, the material used in the construction (open steam distillation column) was mild steel sheet and galvanized sheet.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Distillation is a separating technique in which two liquids are separated at essentially the same temperature and pressure. It is also the term used to describe the operation where the vaporization of a liquid mixture yields a vapor phase containing more than one constituents and it is desired to recover one or more of this constituents in a nearly pure state.
It would probably be beneficial to define the terms that describe the process and related properties. Let us begin by describing the process by which a substance transformed from the condensed phase to the gas phase. For liquid, this process is called VAPORIZATION and for a solid it is called SUBMIATIN, both processes requires heat. All substances regardless whether they are liquids or solids are characterized by a vapor pressure. The vapor pressure of a pure substance is the pressure exerted by the substance against the external pressure which is usually atmospheric pressure. Vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency to escape. When the vapor pressure of a liquid substance reaches the external pressure the substance is observed to Boil. If the external pressure is atmospheric pressure, the temperature at which a pure substance boils is called the NORMAL BOILING POINT. Solid substances
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