PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF TENDER AND MATURED LEAVES OF Piper guineense

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ABSTRACT

Phytochemical screening of Piper guineense of matured and tender was analyzed. The qualitative concentration of matured and tender leaf indicates the presence of Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids, Tannins and Cardiac Glycosides. The result show that Piper guineense contains alkaloids (+++) for matured and (++) for tender; Saponin, (++) for matured and (+) for tender; Flavonoids, (+) for matured and (+) for tender; Tannins, (+++) for matured leave and (++) for Tender leave. From the research work, Piper guineense leave contains some considerable amount of anti-nutrients which have medicinal benefits and also serve as a good complement for food to its consumers. Piper guineense is a West African tropical plant with medicinal property and widely used traditionally in treatment of various ailments

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page    –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        i

Certification         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        ii

Dedication  –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        iii

Acknowledgement         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        iv

Abstract      –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        vi

Table of Contents          –        –        –        –        –        –        –        vii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION      –        –        –        1

  1. Background of the Study   –        –        –        –        –        1
    1. Aim and Objectives of the Study
    1. Scope of the Study
    1. Significance of the Study
    1. Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO:  LITERATURE REVIEW

  •  Morphology and description of Piper guineense
    •  Origin, Habitat and Distribution
    • Natural Value of P. guineense
    •  Ethnomedicinal Uses
    •  Non-medical Uses
    •  Phytochemicals
    •   Biological Activities of Piper guineense
      • Anti-microbial effect
      • Anti-bacterial effect
      •  Anti-fungal effect
      • Anti-oxidant effect
      • Aphrodisiac property
      • Antiparasitic effect

CHAPTER THREE:  MATERIALS AND METHODS

  • Materials
    • Methods
      • Determination of Alkaloids
      • Determination of Saponins
      • Determination of Flavonoids
      • Determination of Tannins
      • Determination of Cardiac Glycosides
    •           Collection of Sample for Analysis
    •           Sample Preparation
    •           Phytochemical Screening

CHAPTER FOUR:  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

  • Results
    • Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

  • Conclusion
    •  Recommendations
    • Suggestions for further Studies

References

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Different plant materials such as seeds, leaves and fruits are used as food spices, while many of them are believed to possess different medicinal values. Plant materials abound in nutrients, vitamins and minerals which are required by humans on daily basis for proper metabolic and bio-chemical functions (Arowora et al., 2017). Spices contain several essential compounds like oil and complex mixtures of organic compounds. Many of these plants part are also used in herbal medicine in treatment and management of different condition. Piper guineense leaves belong to this class of plants as the use is already on the increase. Most medicinal plants have been reported to play a vital role in the discovery of drugs and are essential for human to treat different ailments (Imo et al., 2015).

Piper guineense is a West African tropical plant (Uhegbu et al., 2015). It belongs to the family piperaceae. The plant is a climbing Vine that can grow up to 20m in length and bears pepperish berry fruits which are usually dried to prolong its shelf life. It is commonly known as African Black Pepper and popularly called “Uziza”by the South-Eastern Nigerians and “Lyre”by the Yorubas. The leaves and seeds are consumed widely as spice and used in the preparation of different dishes. The leaves are considered to be medicinal as have been reported in literatures. In some parts of Nigeria, the seeds and leaves are used in preparation of a popular dish consumed by women after childbirth, to enhance the contradiction of uterine and also to enhance the expulsion of placenta and other remains from the womb (Udoh et al; 1999). They are used for treating rheumatic pains and for weight control.