ABSTRACT
The analysis of anions in stream water obtained from Abiakpo stream, Ikot Ekpene was carried out using standard analytical method. The result of the analysis revealed that the samples contained all the analyzed anions and their concentration were as follows; Chloride (99.40±0.006), Nitrate (57.81±0.002), Sulphate (14.68±0.03), Phosphate (24.11±0.01) and Bicarbonate (64.00±0.21). Comparing the result with the World Health Organization, it reveals that the result were within the stipulated standard apart from Phosphate and Nitrate. Regular monitoring of the stream is advocated to avoid environmental and health effect of nutrient pollution.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS PAGE
Title Page – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – vi
Table of Contents – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE
- Introduction – – – – – – – 1
- Background of the Study – – – – – 1
- Aim and Objectives – – – – – 3
- Scope and Limitation – – – – – 4
- Significance of the Study – – – – – 4
- Definition of Terms – – – – – 5
CHAPTER TWO
- Literature Review – – – – – – 6
- Stream – – – – – – – 13
- Sources of stream – – – – – – 14
- Characteristics of stream – – – – 15
- Water Pollution – – – – – – 18
- Sources of Water Pollution – – – – 18
- Industrial wastes – – – – – – 19
- Sewage and other oxygen demanding wastes – 20
- Urbanization – – – – – – 21
- Agro- chemical wastes – – – – – 22
- Nutrient enrichment – – – – – 23
- Anions present in water – – – – – 24
- Phosphates – – – – – – – 24
- Chloride – – – – – – – 25
- Nitrate – – – – – – – 25
- Bicarbonate – – – – – – – 26
- Sulphate – – – – – – – 27
CHAPTER THREE
- Materials and Method – – – – – 28
- Materials and Reagents – – – – – 28
- Materials – – – – – – – 28
- Reagents – – – – – – – 28
- Sample Collection and Treatment – – – 29
- Sample Preservation – – – – – 30
- Sample Analysis – – – – – – 30
- Determination of Anions in Abiakpo Stream – – 31
- Determination of Chloride – – – – 31
- Determination of Sulphate – – – – 31
- Determination of Nitrate – – – – 32
- Determination of Phosphate – – – – 32
- Determination of Bicarbonate – – – – 33
- Materials and Reagents – – – – – 28
CHAPTER FOUR
- RESULT AND DISCUSSION – – – – 34
4.1 Result – – – – – – – – 34
4.2 Discussion – – – – – – – 35
CHAPTER FIVE
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION – – – – 38
- Summary and Conclusion – – – – 38
- Recommendation – – – – – – 39
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study Water resources have played critical and vital role throughout history in the growth and continue to be a factor of importance in the economic growth of all the contemporary societies.
