ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HONEY ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSESCHERICHIA COLI AND STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGEN ISOLATED FROM WOUND
ABSTRACT
Antibacterial activity of honey obtained from two different locations in Enugu State (Nsukka & Ugwuaji) Nigeria on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogens isolated from wound was studied. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the honey on the test microorganisms. The result revealed that the two honey samples have heavy antibacterial activities against the test organisms and zones of inhibition were obtained showing high antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity increased with increase in the concentrations and honey from Nsukka produced a high antibacterial activity (clearer zone) on staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at all concentration and moderately for streptococcus pyogens. The use of honey as a therapeutic substance has been rediscovered by the medical profession on more recent times, and it is gaining acceptance as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of ulcers and bed sores, and other infections resulting from burns and wounds.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page
Certification Page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Content
List of tables
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Aims and objectives
CHAPTER TWo
2.0 Literature reviewÂ
2.1 Wound infection
2.2 Definition of honey
2.3 Local test for honey
2.4 Classification of honey
2.5 Preservation of honey
2.6 Properties and active ingredient of honey
2.7 Mode of action of some antibacterial substance present in honey
2.8 Clinical conditions for treatment with honey
2.9 Honey as an antimicrobial agent
2.10 Practical consideration for the clinical use of honey
2.11 Adverse reaction of honey
2.12 Research on honey
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Source of Sample
3.2 Sources of honey
3.3 Identification of organisms
3.4 Gram Staining
3.5 Indole test
3.6 Catalase test
3.7 Coagulase test
3.8 Antibacterial sensitivity test
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Result
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 DiscussionÂ
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
Reference
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Infections and other health related problems have been of great concern to human beings and chemotherapy is the main approach in the treatment of such conditions. Investigation into the microbial flora of wound began in the late 19th century and since then; improvements in techniques have facilitated the recovery, identification and enumeration of a wide variety of microbial species. Most wounds support relatively stable polymicrobial communities (Bowkler, et.al; 2001) often without signs of clinical infection (Hansson,et al; 1993).
However, potential pathogens may be present and the delicate balance between colonized wound and an infected wound depends on the interplay of complex host and microbial influences (Emmerson, 1998). The development of wound infection has deleterious effect on
patients by causing increased pain, discomfort, inconveniences and can lead to life threatening conditions or even death.
Major challenges encountered with antibiotics in clinical use are resistance to antibiotics which leads eventually to failure of the treatment (Blair 2004). Infectious diseases are known to be treated with herbal remedies throughout the history of mankind; even today, natural substances continue to play a major role in primary health care as therapeutic remedies in many developing countries (Jonathan, et.al; 2007). Over the years, there have been reports of the production of more potent antibiotics e.g. third and fourth generation of cephalosporin by pharmaceutical companies which are not readily available and expensive.
