TABLE OF CONTENT
Title
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
Chapter one
1.0 Background o f the study
1.1 Statement problem
1.2 Significant of the study
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Specific objective
1.5 Research question
1.6 Scope of the study
1.7 Operational of the study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction and layout of the review
2.1 Definition of cold chain system
2.2 Division of the cold chain system
2.3 Component of the cold chain system
23.1 Vaccines
2.3.1 Personal
2.3.2 Cold chain equipment
2.3.3 Cold chain refrigerator
2.3.4 Cold freezer
2.3.5 Cold box
2.3.6 Vaccine carrier
2.3.7 Ice pack
2.3.8 Form pad
2.3.9 Thermometer
2.3.10 Vehicle
2. 4 Types of vaccine
2.4.1 live attenuated vaccine
2.4.2 Inactivated vaccine
2.4.3 Subunit vaccine
2.4.4 Toxion vaccine
2.4.5 DNA vaccine
2.4.6 Conjugate vaccine
2.4.7 Recombine vaccine
2.4.5 V V M
2.6 Category of vaccine base on sensitivity
1.6.1 Heat sensitive vaccine
1.6.2 Freeze sensitive vaccine
2.6 .3 Sensitive to light
2.7 Vaccine shake test
2.8 Vaccination
2. 9 Immunization program and cold chain system in Nigeria
2.10 Appraisal of the literature review
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Area if the study
3.2 Crossectional Research Design
3.3 Study population
3.4 Sample size determination
3.5 Research instrument
3.6 Validation if instrument
3.7 Reliability if instrument
3.8 Inclusion criteria
3.9 Exclusive criteria
3.10 Data collection procedure
3.11 Data analyses procedure
3.12 Ethical consideration
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Presentation if result and Data Analysis
4.1 Showing the bar chat of the groups of the respondents
4.2 Educational level of the respondents
4.3 Barchart Showing Educational qualification if the respondents
4.4 Working experience if the respondents
4.5 Cold chain equipment
4.6 Multi bar chart showing the responses on cold chain equipment
4.7 Cold chain storage centre and staff
4.8 Bar chart of cold chain storage centre and staff
4.9 Cold chain vaccine storage and power supply
4.10 Cold chain Equipment management
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Introduction discussion of finding
5.1 Discussion of finding
5.2 Summary if finding
5.3 Limitation of the Study
5.4 Implication for the community health
5.5 Conclusion
5.6 Recommendation
5.7 To the individual community health professional
5.8 To the Government
5.9 Suggestions for the farther Study
ABSTRACT
To ensure the optimal potency of the vaccine storage and
handling, need or there is a careful attention adequate electricity power and
refrigerator are often lacking in developing countries, where storage handling
and heat stability of vaccine are consequently of great concern, where new
product have been developing for safe transport and storage while the
reliability of vaccine supply has been increased by the introduction of
improved management techniques, extensive training ensure that everyone
involved in the cold chain system is familiar with all its facet. However, the
evaluation in Indian Malaysia Nepal the united republic Tanzania and Tunisia
show that these were still weak points in the cold chain system performances
and that more attention should be paid to it especially in peripheral
facilities the importance of monitoring the cold chain has been given little
consideration in temperature countries although adequate refrigerator is often
taken for granted, errors in vaccine handling may occur more commonly than is
generally assumed.
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND
A cold chain is defined as a temperature control apply chain( l]. cold chain is also an uninterrupted series of storage and distribution activities which maintain a given temperature range(1).According to WHO cold chain is used to help extend and ensure the shelf life of products such as fresh agricultural products,, chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs etc. it ensures that there are minimum temperature fluctuations for good in transit from place of production to the point of consumption(1).
Otis regarded as a temperature-controlled supply chain that involves equipment in view of the different temperature needed for different vaccine and medicines. Cold chain is the process that ensure vaccine are stored at recommended temperature range of 2.0 C to 8.0C from the point of manufacturer to the point of administration (immunization Advisory center)put no reported cold chain as the system used to keep and distribute vaccine in perfect condition.
Cold chain in network is regarded as the backbone to ensure that the right quality of vaccine reaches the target population. Manufacturing plant, vaccine distribution and then to provider office (immunization clinic) and end with the administration of the vaccine to the recipient (1).
Vaccine are immunogens consisting of weakened or dead pathogenic cell injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies it’s use to improve immunity to particular disease(1). The prevention of disease by the immunization is a conventional public health measure is known as today the best disease low-cost community based way of protecting children against the major killer disease over a 2 million death that are preventable through immunization. Each year and worldwide(2).this vaccine preventable disease remain the most common cause of childhood mortality with on estimated 3million death each yea(2). .development of effective vaccine has reduced the incidence of much serious infectious disease, early year immunization services in developing countries prevent about 490.000children from becoming paralyzed by poliomyelitis. Over 3million death are similarly prevented from measles, neonatal tetanus, pertussis (5). The achievement is partly attributable to the training of staff in the proper storage and transport of vaccine and partly to improvement in the cold chain. Immunization to vaccine preventable disease only result when active and affective vaccine can be sustainable by harnessing the essential elements in the cold chain system namely the vaccine, manpower, equipment and transportation. The cold chain refers to the continued of safe handling practice including material equipment and procedure that maintain vaccine within a temperature range from the time they are manufactured to the time they are administered to the person being immunized the cold chain still remains a highly vulnerable element of any immunization program. Both in developing and developed countries. The cold chain management including all of the means use to ensure a constant temperature between +2.c +8.c for that is not heat stable e.g. vaccine (2).
