EFFECT OF BUILDING MATERIAL COST ON HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

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EFFECT OF BUILDING MATERIAL COST ON HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

 

ABSTRACT

This study was intended to examine the effect of building material cost on housing development in Nigeria. This study was guided by the following objectives; To determine the factors responsible for high cost of building materials in Nigeria, To proffer solutions that will reduce the cost of building material to ensure adequate housing development in Nigeria.

The study employed the survey and explanatory design; questionnaires and interview in addition to library research were applied in order to collect data. Primary data sources were used and data was analyzed using the correlation statistical tool at 5% level of significance which was presented in frequency tables and percentage. The respondents under the study were 50 civil engineers and quantity surveyors in Imo State. The study findings revealed that The cost of building materials is on the high side.The cost of building materials has everything to do housing development in Nigeria.Housing development can influence the economy of Nigeria.

The results of this study will sensitize the policy makers and the government on the need to make and implement policies that will reduce the cost of building materials in Nigeria thereby encouraging massive housing development all over the country.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        i

Approval Page   –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        ii

Declaration        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        iii

Dedication          –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        iv

Acknowledgement      –        –        –        –        –        –        –        v

Abstract    –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        vi

Table of Contents       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        vii

 

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background of the Study    –        –        –        –        –

1.2    Statement of General Problem   –        –        –        –

1.3    Objective of the Study         –        –        –        –        –        –

1.4    Research Questions   –        –        –        –        –        –

1.5    Hypothesis   –      –      –      –      –      –      –        –        –

1.6    Significance of the Study    –        –        –        –        –

1.7    Scope of the Study      –        –        –        –        –        –

1.8    Definition of Terms    –        –        –        –        –        –

 

CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1Introduction –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

2.2 Overview of construction industry of Nigeria       –       –       –      

2.3 Factors affecting the cost of building materials  –       –       –

2.4 Implications of rising in the cost of building materials-     –

2.4.1 Fluctuation in construction costs-  –       –       –       –       –

2.4.2 Quality of workmanship is affected-        –       –       –       –       –

2.4.5 Risk of project abandonment- –       –       –       –       –       –

2.4.6 Volume of construction output is affected-     –       –       –

2.4.7 Rate of employment is affected-      –       –       –       –       –

2.5 Housing development in Nigeria–       –       –       –       –       –       –

2.6 Increasing building materials costs: causes and effects–    –      

2.7 benefits of sustainable building materials in housing development– –       –        –       –       –       –       –       —      –       –      

2.8 empirical review-        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

 

CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1    Introduction       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

3.2    Research Design         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

3.3    Area of the Study       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

3.4    Population of Study   –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

3.5    Sample size and Sampling Techniques        –        –        –        –        –

3.6    Instrument for Data Collection   –        –        –        –        –        –

3.7    Validity of the Instrument –        –        –        –        –        –        –

3.8    Reliability of the Instrument       –        –        –        –        –        –

3.9    Method of Data Collection  –        –        –        –        –        –        –

3.10  Method of Data Analysis    –        –        –        –        –        –        –

CHAPTER FOUR – DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.0    Introduction       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

4.1    Data Presentation and Analysis –        –        –        –        –        –

4.2    Characteristics of the Respondents     –        –        –        –        –

4.3    Data Analysis    –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

4.4    Testing Hypothesis    –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

4.5    Summary of Findings          –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

4.6    Discussion of Findings        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0    Introduction       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

5.1    Summary  –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

5.2    Conclusion         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

5.3    Recommendations      –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

References –       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

Appendix  –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Researchers in building sector have indicated that between 50 to 60 per cent of the total construction input goes into building materials. As a result, there is an urgent need to address the high cost of these products which is said to have slowed down the growth of the building and construction sector in Nigeria.Building materials constitute the largest single input in housing construction. While Adedeji(2010) observed that about sixty (60) per cent of the total housing expenditure goes for the purchase of building materials, Arayela(2005) averred that the cost of building materials constitute about 65 percent of the construction cost.

Ogunsemi (2010) opined that building materials formthe main factors that restricts the supply of housing andascertained that they account for between 50-60 percentof the cost of buildings. Thus, Adedeji (2002) rightly observed that one main barrier to the realization of effective housing in Nigeria as revealed in successive government efforts has been the cost of housing in the country. He argued that in the early periods, shelter in Nigeria was easily affordable as building materials were sourced from the immediate environment at affordable costs. Technology also was readily available withcommensurate simple techniques. But contact with the outside world through interregional and international training of professionals in foreign countries as occasioned by colonization, brought changes to tastes and hence outlook to house forms. These changes rendered the undeveloped local building materials inadequate while there was an increased demand for exotic ones. Accordingly, Arayela (2002) posited that the modern building industry lays much emphasis on sophisticated building materials and techniques that are expensive and energy consuming. Though, housing delivery efforts have evidently been inhibited by prohibitive costs of building materials,this problem cannot be reasonably and reliably overcome by merely resorting to the use of locally available materials without due considerations to the applicable initiative, the cost of processing and sustainability of the local materials. One of the most important components of asustainable building is the material efficiency. Correct selection of building materials can be performed by taking into account their complete life span and by choosing products with the minimal environmental impacts. For instance, González and Navarro (2006) estimated that the selection of building materials with low environmental impacts can reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by up to 30%. The use of renewable and recycled sources is widely encouraged as the life-cycle of a building and its elements can be closed (Chwieduk, 2003). The major factor that greatly affectthe selection of building materials are their costs and social requirements such as thermal comfort, good mechanical properties (strength and durability), aesthetic characteristics and an ability to construct quickly. Ideally, the combination of all environmental, economic and social factors can give a clear description of a material, and thus helps in a decision making process regarding the cost of the materials suitable for buildings (Abeysundara, et, al.,2009) .

 

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EFFECT OF BUILDING MATERIAL COST ON HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

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