CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BISPHENOL A IN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER SAMPLE (EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical that was originally developed for use as a synthetic oestrogen. It is now one of the highest-volume chemicals produced in the world, with over six billion pounds manufactured each year (Welshons et al.,2007). Bisphenol A is used as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics, in the resin lining of food and beverage cans, as a component of dental sealant, in digital media such as CDs and DVDs, and as an additive in other types of plastics (Kang et al.,2006).
The first reported synthesis of Bisphenol A was in 1905 (Zincke.,1905). Bisphenol A was first used in epoxy resin in1939 and in 1966 was incorporated into vinyl ester polymers (Plastics Historical Society., 2007).Large-scale production of BPA began in the late 1950s, when commercial uses for polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins were developed.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume (HPV) chemical (Caunter et al.,2000). Humans appear to be exposed primarily through food packaging uses of products manufactured using Bisphenol A, although those products account for less than 5% of the Bisphenol A used in this country. Releases of BPA to the environment exceed one million pounds per year (Crian et al.,2007).
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2 and IUPAC name:4,4 (propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol. It is a colourless solid that is soluble in organic solvents but poorly soluble in water, having two phenol functional groups. (Biello., 2008).
BPA may enter the environment through possible physical and chemical breakdown during disposal and recycling operations within wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)and also by release from manufacturing industries. Industrial releases of Bisphenol A to the environment are likely to come from wastewaters and washing residue produced during production and processing of products,fugitive dust freed during handling and minor volatilization losses during manufacturing (Mohapatra,2010).
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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BISPHENOL A IN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER SAMPLE (EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS)
