Clinical and physiologic evaluation of breathing patterns of premature children with neurological complications of HIV infection

Other topics Clinical and physiologic evaluation of breathing patterns of premature children with neurological complications of HIV infection D. Izyumov, G. Izyumova. Khorezm Regional Multifield Medical Centre, Uzbekistan; Republican Scientific Centre of Emergency Medical Aid, Khorezm Branch, Urgench, Uzbekistan Newborn respiratory distress-syndrome is the main factor determining the severity of very preterm infants. The aim: To investigate and estimate the breathing pattern of premature infants with neurological complications of HIV infection in the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan. Materials and methods: The project included 27 infants with a gestational age of 27–35 weeks. All of the children were subjected to clinical examination with assessment of imaging studies, showing indicators during bronchography. Data were processed with program “Statistics-6”. Results: In 21 (74%) cases a complicated course of newborn respiratory distress-syndrome was observed. Development of broncho-pulmonary dysplasia was observed in 7 children, pneumonia in 13, and ventilation was applied gently to17 children in the first hours after birth, and seizures of apnea were detected in 11 premature children. During auscultation there is broken crepitus, moreover a weakened irregular breathing. While comparing the signs shown by the bronco-phonogram we identified functional abnormalities in the lungs and obtained a regularity of increasing indexes of acoustic breathing equivalent (integral characteristic of energy costs by the broncho-pulmonary system to excite the acoustic signal). The study of children with broncho-pulmonary dysplasia revealed the presence of airflow obstruction impaired by restrictive type because of the formation of lung parenchyma fibrosis. While assessing, breathing patterns showed statistically significant changes of broncho-phonogram indicators. Retention of changes on a broncho-phonogram on high spectrum indicates the presence of latent bronchial obstruction and requires basic therapy. Conclusions: The use of modern diagnostic approaches can develop algorithms to optimize the research and basic therapy. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.2129 Abstract — WCN 2013 No: 994 Topic: 36 — Other topics Acute mild traumatic brain injury is not associated with white matter change on whole brain diffusion tensor imaging WCN 2013 No: 994 Topic: 36 — Other topics Acute mild traumatic brain injury is not associated with white matter change on whole brain diffusion tensor imaging T.M. Luoto, T. Ilvesmaki, A. Brander, U. Hakulinen, P. Ryymin, H. Eskola, G.L. Iverson, J. Ohman. Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School and Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, MA, USA Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is associated with microstructural changes in white matter assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes and failure to control for pre-injurymorbidity, can confound the results. Objectives: To determine if MTBI is associated with microstructural changes in white matter in a large, homogenous, sample that was carefully screened for pre-injury medical, psychiatric, or neurological problems. Patients and methods: Participants were 75 patients with MTBI and 40 controls. Nine exclusion criteria were used to rule out pre-existing medical conditions or other confounding factors. The WHO criteria for MTBI were used. Whole-brain DTI (3T-MRI, mean imaging time post-injury 5.8 days, IQR 4.1–7.3) analysis was done with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and the DTI parameters included: (i) fractional anisotropy (FA), (ii) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), (iii) radial diffusivity (RD) and, (iv) axial diffusivity (AD). Results: All MTBI patients and controls were compared using age and gender as covariates and in ageand gender-matched subgroups (n= 40 versus n= 40). None of the DTI parameters (FA, ADC, RD, or AD) showed significant differences between patients and controls (p N 0.01). A subgroup of MTBI patients with more serious injuries by conventional severity criteria (at least one of the following: LOC N 1 min, PTA N 3 h, traumatic lesion on conventional MRI, GCS= 14, total subgroup n= 28) was compared to ageand gender-matched controls. No significant DTI abnormalities were detected in this subgroup (p N 0.01). Conclusion: In this large homogeneous, premorbidly healthy sample, MTBI was not associated with DTI abnormalities detectable with TBSS. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.2130 Abstract — WCN 2013 No: 997 Topic: 36 — Other topic Cardiovascular and metabolic complications of spinal cord injury: Findings from a national population health study WCN 2013 No: 997 Topic: 36 — Other topic Cardiovascular and metabolic complications of spinal cord injury: Findings from a national population health study J.J. Cragg, V.K. Noonan, M. Dvorak, A. Krassioukov, J. Borisoff. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Rick Hansen Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, Canada Background: Metabolic and cardiovascular complications are a growing concern among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between Type 2 diabetes and SCI, as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and SCI, in a large, representative sample. Patients andmethods:Datawere obtained on60,678 respondents to the Statistics Canada 2010 Cycle of the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Multivariable logistic regression, incorporating adjustment for confounders and probability weights to account for the CCHS sampling method, was conducted to quantify this association. Results: After adjustment for both sex and age, SCI was associated with a significant increased odds of Type 2 diabetes (Adjusted odds ratio = 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval [1.16, 2.36]), a significant increased odds of heart disease (Adjusted odds ratio = 2.72, 95% Confidence Interval [1.94, 3.82]), and a significant increased odds of stroke (Adjusted OR = 3.72, 95% Confidence Interval [2.22, 6.23]). Conclusion: These heightened odds highlight the need for future cohort or case–control studies examining a causal relationship between SCI and these secondary complications, which may ultimately result in treatment and prevention strategies targeted towards individuals with SCI.