COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BOREHOLE WATER AND SACHET WATER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page ………………………………………………………………………………….i
Certification page………………………………………………………………………..ii
Dedication………………………………………………………………………………..iii
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………iv
Table of content…………………………………………………………………………vi
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………x
CHAPTER ONE:
1.0Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Introduction……………………………………………………………………….1
1.1Â Â Â Sources of Water ………………………………………………………………..3
1.2Â Â Â Importance of Water……………………………………………………………6
1.3Â Â Â Water Pollution………………………………………………………………….10
1.4   Water Quality ………………………………………………………………………….13
1.5   Portable water ………………………………………………………………………15
1.6   Objective of the work ………………………………………………………..……17
1.7   Sampling………………………………………………………………………….……18
CHAPTER TWO:
Literature review ………………………………………………………..19
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.1           Sample Locations…………………………………………..…………………31
3.2           Method of Analysis……………………………………………………………34
3.3           Physical Analysis………………………………………..………..…………..35
3.3.1        Determination of Colour……………………………..………….…………35
3.3.2        Odour…………………………………………………………………………….35
3.3.3        Electrical Conductivity.…………………………………………………….35
3.3.4        Determination of PH Value…………………………………………….…36
3.4           Chemical Analysis……………………………………………………..…….36
3.4.1        Determination of Total Solid…………………………………………..…36
3.4.2        Determination of Dissolved Solid ………………………………………37
3.4.3        Determination of Suspended Solid (S.S)…………………………….37
3.4.4        Determination of Acidity………………………………………….………37
3.4.5        Determination of Alkalinity………………………………….…………….38
3.4.6        Determination of C.O.D…………………………………..……….……….38
3.4.7        Determination of Dissolved Oxygen…………………………..…….…39
3.4.8        Determination of Calcium ………………………………………..…….…39
3.4.9        Determination of Magnesium……………………………….…..……….40
3.4.10      Determination of Chloride…………………………………….…..………40
3.4.11      Determination of Iron…………………………………………………….…40
3.4.12      Determination of Zinc ………………………………………………………41
3.4.13      Determination of Lead………………………………………………………41
3.4.14      Determination of  Manganese………………………………….…….….42
3.4.15      Determination of copper ………………………………………………….42
3.4.16      Determination of Nitrate………………………………………………….42
3.4.17      Determination of Phosphate..………………………………………..…43
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
 4.0          Analytical Results …………………………………………….………………44
4.1           Tables……………………………………………..………………………………44
4.2           Discussions…………………………………………………………………..…49
4.3           Conclusions………………………………………………………….…………54
                References………………………………………………………………………55
                Appendix One………………………………………………………………….60
                Appendix Two……………………………………………………….…………64
ABSTRACT
Three types of sachet water samples and three types of borehole water samples all from Owerri Municipal, Imo State were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. A total of twenty (21) parameters including Odour, Colour, pH, Conductivity, Acidity, Alkalinity, Total Solids, Dissolved Solids, Suspended Solids, Dissolved Oxygen (D.O), Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D), Calcium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Lead, Chloride, Nitrate, Zinc, Magnesium and sulphate were analyzed. The W.H.O recommended standards shows that all the samples are odourless and colourless. Borehole water is 7.1 in pH, while sachet water has a lower value of 6.5. Acidity in sachet water has a mean value of 50mg/l while borehole water has 54mg/l. Total solids of borehole water is higher with a mean value of 15.6mg/l, while sachet water has 5.7mg/l. Alkalinity is higher in borehole water with a mean value of 165, while sachet water has a lower value of 113. Dissolved oxygen in borehole water has a higher value of 1.19mg/l than sachet water with a value of 0.83mg/l.
