ABSTRACT
The environmental
Man’s imp act on global environment system especially in the area of dust extraction is now at a scale where it is disrupting. These dust extractors varies in major ways.
degration is, in turn contributing to health threat in this part of the globe. Unfortunately most factories, workshops which suppose to posses these machines for dust extractions a re not having them thereby making dust a very dangerous threat to man.
Due to this ugly development it, is obvious that these factories and workshops can do little or nothing to protect our environment from this poor state. It is therefore necessary that all and sundry should join the crusade of eradicating dust from our environment thereby making it clean. Although before now people have tried to contribute their own quota in seeing to the end of the menace, get lack of interest, finance has posed a hindrance to the realization of this achievement.
In view of the above, we deemed it necessary that such a machine should be constructed to the Mechanical Engineering workshop to eradicate dust and thereby make the workshop environment clean and fit for students practical activities.
The realization of this work started from our supervisor who conceived the idea which we saw as a need, then we defined the need and synthesized it, evaluate and came to a conclusion.
The synthesis led us to drawing board by sketching and drawing to scale after which the design required was chosen. Fabricated and parts put together to form what we called a dust extractor.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Dust is a serious health hazard especially to the respiratory system. It can have a cumulative effect eventually resulting in permanent damage to the health.
Fine dust is the most dangerous and the most difficult to get rid off. The sharing and the large particles of dust are not much of a problem as most of it falls to the floor quickly and lungs have a built in mechanism which can eject relatively large particles.
The dust particles that causes damage are normally in the range of 0.2 to 5 micron in size (a micron is one thousand of a millimeter) and so small as t o be invisible to the naked eye. They can remain suspended in the air for hours. Even if one cannot see any dust, the atmosphere may still be harming ones lungs. One is likely to breath 8 to 10 cubic meters of air during and 8 hour working day most especially those working in the engineering workshops that has to do with metal drilling (drilling, shaping etc) drugs manufacturing industry, paint industry and food processing industry.
If the dust in the air average out of 5 mg per cubic meter during that period, then you will suck in 50gm (2 ounces0 of dust. Most of this w ill be dealt with by the body’s own dust defence mechanism the nasal hair and mucus lined walls of the air ways leading to the lungs will swallow most of it. Only a very tiny percentage of the dust is permanently trapped in the lungs but it is this which causes the damage.
Dust from some wood can cause skin complaints such as dermatitis.
Dust Extractors: With a small dust extractor couple with the respirator to give a primary protection. You must not need a huge powerful machine it w ill help to keep the workshop clean and you can use it with it’s flexible hose to cover up the sharing and remove dust which has settled on surfaces. Because you have a wood turning lathe you can quickly turn up a wooden adaptor to accept the hose form your domestic vacuum cleaner to give you a handy extension hose. If you have other wood working machines such as a table saw you can hookup the extractor to them when you need to use them.
EXTRACTING DUST: The fan sucks the air into an oil drum shaped container and then through an internal filter. These machines usually also make use of the cyclone effect to reduce the load on the filter. This type of machine is cheaper, takes less space, has superior filtration and has a stronger suction for hovering. The motor however is very noisy and the airflow is much less than the external bag machine.
