ABSTRACT
This project presents a 40A maximum point tracking solar charge controller that will regulate the current and voltage coming from the photovoltaic into the battery bank for efficient supply. The MPPT charge controller will adjust its input voltage to obtain the maximum power from the solar array and then transform this power to supply the varying voltage requirement of the battery plus load. An MPPT charge controller is an electronic DC to DC converter that optimizes the match between the solar array (PV panels), and the battery bank or utility grid. This project serves as a means of effectively charging the 19200Watt-hour battery bank that is made up of eight 12V/200Ah deep cycle lead acid batteries for the PV system installation, which was carried out to curb the problem of epileptic mains power supply that has crippled major activities in the polytechnic and the department in particular over the years.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page – – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements- – – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – – v
Table of Contents – – – – – – – – vi
List of Figures – – – – – – – – – x
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the Study – – – – – – 1-4
- Problem Statement – – – – – – – 4
- Aim and Objective – – – – – – – 5
- Justification of Study – – – – – – – 5-6
- Scope of Study – – – – – – – – 6
- Limitation of the Study – – – – – – – 6
- Project Report Organization – – – – – 7
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Overview – – – – – – – – 8
2.1.1 Review of the Existing Theory in Solar Charge
Controller Power System – – – – – 9
2.2    System Description      –       –       –       –       –       –       12
2.2.1 Solar Panel – – – – – – – – 12
2.2.2 Battery – – – – – – – – 14
2.2.3 Charge Controller – – – – – – – 15
2.2.4 Maximum Power Point Tracker – – – – 17
2.2.5 DC – DC Converter – – – – – – 18
2.3 Pulse Width Modulation Charge Controller – – – 18
2.3.1 Benefits of Using a PWM Charge Controller – – 20
2.3.2 Maximum Power Point Tracker Charge Controller – – 22
2.3.3 Smart Power Trackers – – – – – – 24
2.3.4 Preference of MPPT Charge Controller over
PWM for the Design – – – – – – 25
2.4 Power MOSFET (IRFP150N) – – – – – 27
2.5 Capacitor – – – – – – – – 28
2.6 Inductor – – – – – – – – 29
2.7    Driver Circuit      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       30
2.8 AT89S52 Microcontroller – – – – – 31
2.9 Advantages and Disadvantages – – – – – 32
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Hardware Development and System Design – – – 35
3.2    Photo voltage Panels     –       –       –       –       –       –       36
3.3 DC-DC Converter – – – – – – – 37
3.3.1 General Boost Converter Configuration    –       –       –       38
3.3.2 Block Diagram of Boost Converter – – – – 40
3.4 Current Sensors – – – – – – – 41
3.5 Voltage Sensor – – – – – – – 42
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Testing of the Model – – – – – – 46
4.1.1 Selection A Solar PV Charge Controller – – – 47
4.2 GUI Program – – – – – – – 48
4.2.1 Proteus Simulation Results – – – – – 48
4.3 Algorithm Selection – – – – – – 50
4.3.1 Precautions during Test – – – – – – 50
4.4 Discussion – – – – – – – – 51
4.5 Factors Affecting Output and Deficiency – – – 52
4.5.1 The Boost Converter – – – – – – 53
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion – – – – – – – – 55
5.2 Recommendations – – – – – – – 55
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Solar electricity provide consistent and steady source of solar power throughout the year. The main benefit of solar energy is that it can be easily deployed by both home and business users as it does not require a huge setup. Solar energy not only benefits individual owners, but also benefit environment as well. It is non-polluting as it does not release harmful gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, or sulphur oxide. Solar energy requires low maintenance, does not create noise, is easy to install and can be used in remote locations. Solar electricity is one of the most widely used renewable energy source, (paschal, 2016).
