ABSTRACT
The work presents a design of a computerized ledger accounting system. A Computerized ledger accounting system is concerned with the computerization of environmental records appraisal IMT Ledger in order to achieve the aims and objectives of the organization. The entrance of computer into the computerized ledger accounting system will help create and maintain efficient records. The design was implemented to facilitate the computerized ledger accounting system for administration. It will be less time wasting and cheap to run. It is expected that if full consent is given to this, it will enhance the Information of Ledger management record of the administration.
This project work is implemented with the use of visual basic programming language and Microsoft Access.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Approval iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vi
Organization of work vii
Table of content viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Statement of problem 2
1.2 Aims and objectives 2
1.3 Purpose of study 3
1.4 Significant of study 3
1.5      Scope/Delimitations                                                                        4
1.6 Limitations/Constraints 4
1.7 Assumption of study 5
1.8 Definition of terms 5
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 6
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Description and analysis of the existing system 9
3.1 Fact-finding method/ methodology 9
3.2 Organisational Structure/Organogram 10
3.3 Objectives of the existing system 10
3.4 Input, Process, and Output Analysis 11
3.4.1 Input Analysis 11
3.4.2 Process Analysis 11
3,4.3 Output Analysis 11
3.5 Information Flow diagram 12
3.6 Problems of the existing system 12
3.7 Justification of the new system 13
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Design of the new system 14
4.1 Design Standard 14
4.2 Output specification and design 14
4.3 Input specification and design 14
4.3.1 file design 15
4.4 Procedure chart 16
4.5 Systems flowchart 17
4.6 System requirements 18
4.6.1 Hardware Requirements 18
4.6.2 Software Requirements 18
4.6.3 Operational Requirements 18
4.6.4 Personnel Requirements 18
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Implementation 19
5.1 Design Standard 19
5.2 Program design 20
5.2.1 Program Flowchart 20
5.2.2 Pseudo code 24
5.3 Coding 25
5.4 Test Data/Test Run 31
5.5 User Training – An overview 31
5.6 Cutover Process 31
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Documentation 32
6.1 The user documentation 32
6.2 The programmer documentation 32
CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0      Recommendations, Summary and Conclusion                           33
7.1 Recommendation 33
7.2 Summary 34
7.3 Conclusion 34
REFERENCES 35
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX 36
SOURCE LISTING 36
LIST OF FIGURES 40
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The ledger, sometimes known as the nominal ledger, is the main accounting record of a business which uses double-entry bookkeeping. It will usually include accounts for such items as current ledger, fixed ledger, liabilities, revenue and expense items, gains and losses.
The ledger is a collection of the group of accounts that supports the items shown in the major financial statements. It is built up by posting transactions recorded in the general journal. The ledger can be supported by one or more subsidiary ledgers that provide details for accounts in the ledger. For instance, an accounts receivable subsidiary ledger would contain a separate account for each credit customer, tracking that customer’s balance separately. This subsidiary ledger would then be totaled and compared with its controlling account (in this case, Accounts Receivable) to ensure accuracy as part of the process of preparing a trial balance.
There are seven basic categories in which all accounts are grouped:
- Ledger
- Liability
- Owner’s equity
- Revenue
- Expense
- Gains
- Losses
The balance sheet and the income statement are both derived from the ledger. Each account in the ledger consists of one or more pages. The ledger is where posting to the accounts occurs. Posting is the process of recording amounts as credits, (right side), and amounts as debits, (left side), in the pages of the ledger. Additional columns to the right hold a running activity total (similar to a checkbook).
The listing of the account names is called the chart of accounts. The extraction of account balances is called a trial balance. The purpose of the trial balance is, at a preliminary stage of the financial statement preparation process, to ensure the equality of the total debits and credits.
The ledger should include the date, description and balance or total amount for each account. It is usually divided into at least seven main categories. These categories generally include ledger, liabilities, owner’s equity, revenue, expenses, gains and losses. The main categories of the ledger may be further subdivided into subledgers to include additional details of such accounts as cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, etc.
Because each bookkeeping entry debits one account and credits another account in an equal amounts, the double-entry bookkeeping system helps ensure that the ledger is always in balance, thus maintaining the accounting equation:
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The main problem of this study was to examine and evaluate the physical, social and economic effect of the school ledger and its uses in its present location and recommend solution to the problems identified, because there has been series of criticism against the manner by which ledger are being handled and maintained. The problems are: improper accounting for school ledger, illegal use of the institutional ledger, inefficient recording keeping of institutional ledger.
