EFFECTS OF MOTIVATIONAL INCENTIVES ON PRODUCTIVITY
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
The term motivation can be traced to the Latin word “moreover” which means to move. This meaning can be expanded by the following formal definition by Bereson and Sterner (1964) viz – motivation towards goals: the motivation connotes “need, drives” and “goal”.
The study of motivation can also be traced back to the Unisom’s of the ancient Greek philosophers like Robert E. Taneke more than twenty -three centuries ago. They presented had monism as a yardstick to express what really is human motivation.
Hadorism is the concept which says that a person seeks out comfort and pleasure and avoids discomfort and pains. We often see this in the assumption of many manger that employees do not want to work, they are essentially lazy and milling if given the chance to avoid the pains of working.
Sigmind Fred also attempted to explain men’s behaviour in terms of three elements, sex aggression or self, preservation and death. Evidence have been shown that after the launching of psychology as a scientific discipline, experiment psychologists of the earlier period were interest largely I looking for the conscious experience produced in human subjects, whose sense organs were being exposed to a particular kind of stimulus or engaged in a particular kind of task.
They were confronted by motivational problems but they did not to an in-depth investigation on these human problems.
After sometime, men like Wastern, Thorndike and pallor beggar to seek laws governing behaviour. They began with the simplest form which could almost conveniently be studied in animals. They otherwise did not see the need to consider the motivation conditions of the organism but only analyzed the behaviour in terms of “refluxed” or stimulus response which relates granular reaction to event in the internal environment.
