ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF PIPELINE VANDALISATION AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPLICATION
TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Â Â Â Introduction
1.1 Â Â Â Background of the research
1.2Â Â Â Â Statement of research problem
1.3 Â Â Â Objectives of the study
1.4 Â Â Â Significance of the study
1.5Â Â Â Â Scope of the study
1.6Â Â Â Â Research question
1.7Â Â Â Â Limitation of the study
1.8Â Â Â Â Definition of terms
Reference
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Â Â Â Introduction
2.1Â Â Â Â Source of literature
2.2Â Â Â Â Review of concept
2.3Â Â Â Â Review of related work
2.4Â Â Â Â Empirical studies
2.5Â Â Â Â Theoretical framework
2.6Â Â Â Â Summary of review
Reference
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1Â Â Â Â Research method
3.2 Â Â Â Fact finding method
3.2Â Â Â Â Sources of Data
3.3Â Â Â Â Population of the study
3.4Â Â Â Â Sample and Sampling
3.5Â Â Â Â Research Instrument
3.6Â Â Â Â Method of Investigation
3.7Â Â Â Â Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation and analysis
4.1 Data presentation and Analysis
4.2 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1Â Â Â Â Summary
5.2Â Â Â Â Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References
Bibliography
ABSTRACT
The Niger Delta Avengers (NDA)have become a big problem to Nigerian economy, the NDA have created havocs to the economy by on daily basis blowing the oil pipeline to major foreign oil refineries. This research work examines the nexus between oil pipeline vandalism and national security in Nigeria. Comprehending national security in terms of sustainability development and livelihood, the research work seeks to establish the implications of oil pipeline vandalism for Nigeria’s national security. By way of descriptive analysis, predicated on empirical evidence, the research workposits that oil pipeline vandalism is a threat to Nigeria’s national security. In view of its adverse impacts as exemplified in loss of life, economic losses, environmental degradation, and pipeline explosions, the paper submits that oil pipeline vandalism portends serious danger for national sustainabilityof Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Nigerian petroleum industry has been confronted by two sapping challenges over the years. The challenges relates to the prevalence of militancy and oil pipeline vandalism in the Niger Delta.
While the former has significantly attenuated in the aftermath of the Amnesty deal in 2009 (Okoli, 2013), the latter appears to have escalated both in incidence and impact. According to Ogbeni:
A total of 16,083 pipeline breaks were recorded within the last 10 years adding that while 398 pipeline breaks representing 2.4 percent were due to ruptures, the activities of unpatriotic vandals accounted for 15, 685 breaks which translated to about 97.5 percent of the total number of cases (Ogbeni, 2012, para 8).
Indeed, the incidence of oil pipeline vandalism has been on the rise in Nigeria. According to the 2013 annual report of the Nigerian Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (NEITI), Nigeria lost a total of 10.9 billion US Dollars to oil theft between 2009 and 2011 (NEITI, 2013; Onoja, 2013). This loss adumbrates the significance of vandalism as a veritable problem in the Nigerian oil industry. The implication of oil pipeline vandalism vis-a-vis Nigeria’s security has been vividly demonstrated by its nexus with economic, environmental, and humanitarian losses and consequences (Onuoha, 2009).
