Analysis Of The Extracts Of The Seeds Of Cassia Occidentalis For Alkaloids

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0   INTRODUCTION                                               1

1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY                       2
2. AIMS OF THE STUDY                                      4
3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM                     4
4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY                       5
5. SCOPE OF THE STUDY                                   5
6. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY                            5

CHAPTER TWO

2.0   LITERATURE REVIEW                                     6

1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE

ALKALOIDS                                                      6

1. OCCURRENCE AND FUNCTIONS OF

ALKALOIDS IN PLANTS                                    8

1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKALOIDS         9
2. ALKALOIDS CLASSIFICATION                          10
   1. PYRIDINE GROUP                                            11
   2. PYRROLIDING GROUP                                     12
   3. TROPANE GROUP                                            12
   4. INDOLIZING GROUP                                                12
   5. QUINOLINE GROUP                                         13
   6. ISOQUINOLINE GROUP                                   13
   7. PYENATHYLAMINE GROUP                             14
   8. PHENANTHRENE GROUP                                        14
   9. INDOLE GROUP                                               14
   10. ERGOLINES                                             15
   11. BETA-CARBOLINE                                   15
   12. YOHIMBANS                                            16
   13. VINCA ALKALOIDS                                   16
   14. KRATOM                                                  16
   15. TABERNANTHE – IBOGA ALKALOIDS      16
   16. STRYCHNS NUX-VIMICA ALKALOIDS      17
   17. PURINE GROUP                                       17
   18. TERPENOID GROUP                                        17
3. ALKALOID ISOLATION                                     17
4. ALKALOID DETECTION                                   19
5. ALKALOID CONTENTS IN CASSIE

OCCIDENTALIS SEED                                     20

1. PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT

(PLANT CHEMICALS) OF CASSIA

OCCIDENTALIS LINN                                       22

1. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND CLINICAL

RESEARCH OF CASSIE OCCIDENTALIS         23

1. PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON

CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS LINN                          26

1. EVALUATION ON IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL

ACTIVITIES OF CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS LINN 29

1. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF

ANTRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDE FROM THE

SEED OF CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS LINN          30

1. TWO NEW ATHRAQUINONE FROM THE

SEED OF CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS LINN          32

1. EMODINE AN ANTIBACTERIAL

ANTHRAQUINONE FROM THE ROT OF

CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS LINNS                                36

1. ETHNOBOTALNICAL INFO AND MEDICAL

USES OF CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS LINN.         37

1. CURRENT PRACTICAL USES OF

CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS                                   38

1. SEED OF CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS AS

USED FOR MAKING GELATOMANNAN GUM   41

CHAPTER THREE

3.0   MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY                  43

1. MATERIALS                                                     43
2. REAGENT USED                                              44
3. COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF PLANT

SEED EXTRACTS                                            45

1. EXTRACTION                                                   46
2. TEST FOR ALKALOID                                      46
   1. DRANGENDORFF’S REAGENT TEST                       47
   2. MAYER’S TEST                                                        47
   3. WAGNER AND LUGOIL’S TEST                                47

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0   RESULTS                                                         49

1. TABLE I                                                           49
2. TABLE II                                                          50

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0   DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION                                          51

1. DISCUSSION                                                   51
2. CONCLUSION                                                  52
3. RECOMMENDATION