ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study was to establish the correlation between family background and students’ academic performance in Economics in Calabar Municipal Local Government Area, Cross River State. Specifically, the study sought to determine the relationship between parental socio-economics status, parental level of Education, Family size and parental occupation. To achieve these objectives, four research questions and four null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Relevant Literature were reviewed from documents in line with the variables of the study. Correlational Survey Research design was adopted. The population consisted 6,349 Senior Secondary Two (SS II) students. A sample of 200 students were randomly selected and used for the study. Two instruments such as “students family background variables questionnaire” (SFBVQ) and Economics Achievement Test (EAT) were constructed by the Researcher for data collection. The instruments were validated by three experts and a reliability index of 0.74 and 0.84 obtained for SFBVQ and EAT respectively using Cronbach Alpha reliability method. The collected data was scored, coded and analysed using simple percentage while the four hypothesis were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and at .05 level of significance. The results of analysis revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between parental socio-economic status, parental level of education, family size and parental occupation. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended among others that Government should formulate policies that will ensure free and compulsory quality education to bridge the gap between the rich and less privileged homes.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv
ABSTRACT vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS viii
LIST OF TABLES xii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study 1
1.2 Theoretical Framework 8
1.3 Statement of the problem 12
1.4 Purpose of the study 13
1.5 Research Questions 14
1.6 Research Hypotheses 15
1.7 Assumptions of the Study 16
1.8 Significance of the Study 17
1.9 Limitations of the Study 21
1.10 Scope of the Study 22
1.11 Definition of Terms 22
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Parental Socio-economic status and
academic performance of students 25
2.2 Parental level of education and
academic Performance of Students 33
- Family Size and academic performance of
students 41
2.4 Parental occupation and academic performance
of students 47
2.5 Summary of Literature Review 52
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Design of the Study 56
3.2 Area of Study 57
3.3 Population of the study 60
3.4 Sampling technique 60
3.5 Sample 62
3.6 Instrumentation 63
3.6.1 Validity of the Instrument 64
3.6.2 Reliability of the Instrument 65
3.7 Procedure for data collection 67
3.8 Procedure for data preparation 68
3.9 Procedure for data analysis 69
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Data Presentation 72
4.2 Data Analysis 78
4.3 Summary of Findings 87
4.4 Discussion of Findings 88
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of the study 94
5.2 Conclusion 97
5.3 Recommendations 98
REFERENCES
