THE USE OF LOCAL PIGMENTS AND EXTENDERS FOR FORMULATION & PRODUCTION OF EMULSION PAINT
ABSTRACT
The major aim of this project research work is to produce emulsion paint from locally sourced pigment & extenders. The materials used for the production was of local source.
The major raw materials used for the production of the emulsion paint: water, titanium iv oxide, calcium carbonate, kaoline, calgon, natrosol, biocide P.V.A, ammonia, deformer (Ginap) kerosene, yellow iron oxide and red iron oxide.
Emulsion paint of two (2) samples was produced, and calcium carbonate locally obtained was used in larger quantity in order to reduce the cost of production of the paint with little of the expensive titanium iv oxide added.
The first sample was a creamy white colour paint, while the second sample has a result of the mixture of blending of locally sourced yellow iron oxide and red iron oxide. Pigment, that was added to it. The two (2) samples gave high quality emulsion paints in terms of its brush ability, opacity, coverage, stability etc.
Quality control test carried out on the two (2) samples of emulsion paint showed that the local pigment and extenders used (titanium iv oxide, calcium trioxocarbonate iv, kaoline, yellow iron oxide and red iron oxide) fitted in so well in the paints to give the necessary adhesion, opacity and coverage, with excellent binding effect observed.
TABLE OF CONENTS
CHAPTER OF ONE:
1.0Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Introduction
1.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Objectives of the research project
1.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Scope of research work
1.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Significance of study
CHAPTER TWO:Â Â Â
2.0Â Â Â Â Â Â Literature Review
2.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Historical review of paint industry
2.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Outline of paint technology
2.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Paint types
2.3.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Emulsion (water-based) paint
2.3.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Latex paint
2.3.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â White wash
2.3.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Case in paint
2.3.5Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Cement paint
2.3.6Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Linseed emulsion paint
2.3.7Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Gloss (oil) paint
2.3.8Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Enamels
2.3.9Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Traffic paints
2.3.10Â Â Â Â Making paints
2.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Specialties
2.4.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Fire-retardation paints
2.4.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Aerosol colours
2.4.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Insecticide paint
2.5Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Paint composition and formulation
2.5.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Resins (film formers)
2.5.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Solvents
2.5.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Pigments and extenders
2.6Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Exterior building paints – formulation
2.7Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Paint qualities and quality control
2.8Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Description of raw materials for paint manufacture
CHAPTER THREE
3.0Â Â Â Â Â Â Method of paint formulation
3.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Raw materials for paint formulation
3.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Raw materials for emulsion paint formulation
3.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Functions of the raw materials
3.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Formulation of emulsion paint
3.5Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Principles of paint formulation
3.5.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Pigment to binder ratio
3.5.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Pigment volume concentration (PVC)
3.5.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Solid content
3.5.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Weight per volume
3.6Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Process flow diagram (sheet) for production of emulsion paint
3.7Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Block flow diagram for production of emulsion painbt
3.8Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Formulea for samples selection
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Quality control test
4.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Equipments for quality control test
4.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Quality control tests and results
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Economic evaluation
5.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Costing for sample A
5.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Costing for formulation B
5.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Profitability analysis
5.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Break-even analysis
CHAPTER SIX
6.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Discussion
6.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Conclusion
6.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Recommendation
Reference
Bibliography
Appendix 1
The son standard specification and the test properties of the samples
Appendix 2
Formulation for sample A
Appendix 3
Formulation for sample B
Appendix 4
Manufacture of titanium dioxide from its local ore (ILMENITE)
