This thematic issue of BMC Genetics continues the series of BioMed Central special post-conference issues presenting materials from the conferences on bioinformatics and systems biology BGRS\SB (Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure\Systems Biology) annually held in Novosibirsk. Here we present the papers discussed at and Belyaev Conference-2017 “Belyaev Readings 2017” (BR-2017). The Year 2017 marks the 100-th anniversary since birth of Full Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Professor Dmitry K. Belyaev (1917–1985), an outstanding scientist, evolutionist and geneticist. In view of this memorable date, the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS) held international Belyaev Conference on Genetics and Evolution (Novosibirsk, August 7–10, 2017.
Previously published special issues of BMC Genetics, BMC Genomics and BMC Evolutionary Biology covered the proceeding of BGRS\SB-2016 conference and SBB-2015 School in Novosibirsk [1–5] as well as BGRS\SB-2014 event. First BMC Genetics special issue paper in the area of genetics was presented at the BGRS\SB-2014 conference series in Novosibirsk [6]. The memorial Belyaev conference-2017 continued a tradition of BGRS\SB series on bioinformatics and systems biology. In 2017 “Vavilov Journal of Selection and Breeding” published a series of memoirs publications about Prof. Belyaev.
In particular, the article by Prof. V. K. Shumny [7] walks the reader along milestones of Belyaev’s life, while other publications discuss critical influence of Belyaev’s work on the theory of evolution and domestication [8, 9]: N. K. Popova discussed evolution of the brain in the process of domestication [10] and P. D. Polly presented the review of the connections of morphometry and evolutionary theory fields [11]. Genetics-related works discussed at Belyaev conference2017 are collated in present issue of BMC Genetics. The work by Triska and co-authors ([12], this issue) describes genetic history of the migration of humans throughout the Europe and North Asia. International team from more than a dozen of different institutions genotyped and analyzed more than a thousand individuals from 30 ethnic populations residing in regions which span from Baltic Sea to Baikal Lake.
The dense sampling allowed much needed detailed description of population structure and provided critical insights into genomic history of European Asian interface, thus, significantly increasing quality of genetic coverage for modern populations in region of North Eurasia. The paper by Ranajit Das and Priyanka Upadhyai ([13], this issue) continues the theme of human genetics by analyzing populations of South Asia presented in the dataset released by 1000 Genomes Project. Das and Upadhyai dissected complex history of population dispersal and gene flow in the Indian subcontinent by employing the Geographic Population Structure (GPS) tool to define contributions of five South Asian populations, Punjabi, Gujarati, Tamil, Telugu and Bengali into many recent migrant populations sampled elsewhere. Nikolay S. Yudin and colleagues ([14], this issue) continue the topic of population genetics considering adaptation to cold environment. A compendium combining mammalian genes evolved to adapt to cold environment was analyzing an intersection of positively selected genes from six Arctic and Antarctic species. This compendium lists about four hundreds genes that have been positively selected in at least two species.
