HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA (EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS)
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction/ Background of the Study
Human trafficking is the trade in humans, most commonly for the purpose of sexual slavery, forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others (UNODC, 2011); it is equally an attempt for the extraction of organs or tissues, including surrogacy and ova removal; or for providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage. Human trafficking can be within a country or trans-nationally. Human trafficking is a crime against the person because of the violation of the victim’s rights of movement through coercion and because of their commercial exploitation. Human trafficking is the trade in people, and does not necessarily involve the movement of the person from one place to another. Human trafficking represents an estimated $31.6 billion of international trade per annum in 2010 (Haken, Jeremy, 2011). Human trafficking is thought to be one of the fastest-growing activities of transnational criminal organizations.
Human trafficking is condemned as a violation of human rights by international conventions. In addition, human trafficking is subject to a directive in the European Union. (Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, 2011).
Women and children make up the vast majority of the human trafficking chain. This is a result of push factors that are rooted in poverty, inequality and discrimination, resulting in survival strategies that expose the most vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. Pull factors include the lure of opportunity and huge economic differentials that make even relatively poor neighboring regions seem a likely source of livelihood; as well as the lucrative trade in adoption and organ transplants.
In Africa, over 50,000 victims are believed to be trafficked annually according to the U.S. Department of State, although the extent of trafficking is not well documented (Human Right report, 2001). Like elsewhere, poverty and the low status of women are major contributing factors in Nigeria. In addition, wars and civil strife engulfing countries like Sudan and Rwanda, as well as the indifference of some governments make women and children vulnerable to trafficking (John and Karin, 1998).
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA (EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS)
