TABLE OF CONTENT
Titlepage i
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1-4
1.1 Statement of research problem 4-5
1.2 Aims and objective of the study 5-6
1.3 Statement of Hypothesis 6
1.4 Significance of the study 6
1.5 Scope of the study 7
1.6 Organization of the study 7-8
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 9-10
2.1 Meaning of budget 10-11
2.2 Budget as a planning tool 11
2.3 Budget as an instrument for motivation 12
2.4 Budget as an instrument for coordination 12
2.5 Budget as an instrument for communication 13
2.6 Budget as a tool for evaluation 13
2.7 Budgetary planning and control 14-16
2.8 Type of Budget 16
2.9 Sale Budget 16-17
2.10 Productions cost Budget 17
2.11 Capital expenditure Budget 18
2.12 Cash Budget 18
2.13 Objective of budgetary control 19-20
2.14 References
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Historical background of the study 21-24
3.2 population of the study 24
3.3 Sample size 25
3.4 Measure of variable 25-26
3.5 Planning and control 26
3.6 Statistical tool for debt analysis
3.7 Limitation of the study 26
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data presentation 27
4.1 Data Analysis 27
4.2 Descriptive Statistics 28
4.3 Inferential Statistics 28-33
4.4 Interpretation of the result 33-37
4.5 Discussion for the finding 37
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary 38-39
5.1 Conclusion 39-42
5.2 Recommendation 42-44
bibliograehy 45
Questionnaire 46
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
Budget is an estimate of probable future income and expenditure, it is mechanism for deciding what will be spent and realized in future. Budget is the expression of management master operating of financing plan that is the formalized outline of company objectives and means of attaining them.
It can be said that budget are formal statement of organization resource set aside for the purpose of carrying out specific function or activities over a given time period. Budgets are useful and form an important part of the planning and controlling process.
Budget also indicates the expenditure revenue and profit planning for a given future time span.
Budgets are usually stated in monetary term, this providing a common ground for a variety of organization activities.
Management can use budget to provide a major area of control and planning.
Budget as various authors describe it. B. B. Howard and M. Upton in their book define budget as “the formal presentation of the process of planning for future financial requirement to achieve solvency and profitability”.
Also B. Murphy in his book defines budget as plan which is prepared to show how resources will be required and used over a period of time.
A well structural budget must necessarily lead to improve control of a firm. This is possible because the supervisor would have now had on indication of what would be done; also the supervisor with the accountants’ help can be more easily sport that is being ineffectively done. A good technique of control with a budget helps the manager to take decision on the most intricate problem.
The control process according to John Storey “ Uses arrange of devices, operating activities or procedure and organization structuring in order to assist manager in implementing their organization budget, the purpose of control is to ensure that performation optimized defined organization budget financial budgets represents the firm’s plan for the coming year. Summarized in projected financial statement since budgets are plans, they become the critical by which managerial performance is measured and therefore, the basic for the control system; where as budget have a double role which is plan and performance.
Generally, they are viewed as synonymous with control and not with planning
; Moreover, it is their use as control devices that have made budgets. The focus of much criticism by some school of thought which view them as a coercive tool used by top management to enforce its objectives on the participants of the organization.
According to John Storey, the challenge to management control, 1980 USA page 56. It is obvious that organization operate in a world of uncertainty in which the ability to anticipate and budgeting.
Organizations are adapted to their dynamic environment. It is therefore, the manager lot to participate, manage and forecast their environment plans if they are to be effective, they should display certain characteristics.
They should be flexible enough to allow for
changing condition and provide a basis for coordinated behavior. Every planner
must always recognize that the future is uncertain and that budget is an
important tool for aiding, to a reasonable degree plan and cents forward the
achievement of the organization objective.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The purpose of this research work is basically on how the hotels especially Kwara Hotel Ltd. Ilorin has been able to discharge its social responsibility to its environment and staffs at large and how his social responsibility has affected the neighboring in terms of good health, creation of scholarship to youth, to mention but a few.
All these tend to raise the return has positive impact on the profitability of the Hotel. This research work is meant to see how budge serves as a tool for effective planning and control so as to maximize its profit.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following are the aims and objectives of the research work.
- To help organization in budgeting, so that they can know that budget can be part of planning and also a measure for effective control in the organization.
- To review the role of financial budget in a cooperative planning and control process by re-examine the relationship between the controller and the controlled.
- To look at the way budgeting is made as a tool for effective planning and control in kwara hotel limited, Ilorin
- The write-up is not only to aid the Hotel but also may help other organization to know that budgeting can be used as a means of effective planning and control.
1.3 TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
H0: Budget is an effective tool for planning and control.
H1: Budget is not an effective tool for planning and control.
