THE APPROPRIATE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL IN PROMOTING TEACHING AND LEARNING OF BIOLOGY IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL (EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS)
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The development of educational technology has come a very long way. It can be said to have started from the period when man started its expedition of influencing the course of nature. Ogunranti et. al., (1984) identified three main stages through which what has come to be known as educational technology today develop:
- Stone age generation when the early men life activities was untended on the use of rocks and stones.
- Book and chalk board generation: teaching here was done using of chalk boards, book, and this never made people to study on their own.
- The mass communication generation these stage resulted from advancement in technology of teaching. The use of instructional materials in teaching biology have become as almost common place in the use of text books and available materials in the laboratory. It has a positive effect on student achievement, student who are presented with opportunity to use manipulative report that they are more interested in biology and long term interest translates to increase student ability.
At the beginning of last century, children were taught in rigidly formal and stereotype way. Education was then conceived as a process of transmission of factual knowledge only. The teacher adopted an authoritarian attitude, the facts learnt by children were tested from time to time but such test. Were neither concerned with conceptual understanding nor effective performance. The main emphasis was on testing memory. A long time intervened between child response and teacher reinforcement the teacher often used the lecture method which was not much effective for meaningful learning in which other usual materials were not used to supplement his oral teaching. The modern teacher to Good (2003) considers each child as a in to a plant and helps the child to grow according to its abilities and aptitudes he helps the child to learn.