CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1:1 Background to the Study
Development in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has made tremendous impact in the 21st Century and as such, travel around the globe just in a matter of seconds making communication easy and affordable. This is achievable through ICT hardwares like computers, scanners and digital cameras as well as software like standard office and specialist applications. These ICT resources in the teaching and learning environment has been found to be very central to access, spreading and dissemination of information on education and thus widely used by academic staff and students of tertiary institutions all over the world (Bede & Joy, 2014) According to Joginder and Satya (2013), internet is a worldwide system of computer networks, a network of networks in which users at any computer can, if they have permission get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to user at other computers). It is a network of millions of computers linked together through telephone lines and satellites all over the world. Internet began in 1969 as Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANet) by the US Department of Defense to share military intelligence and research with university resources (Adomi, 2005). Later it was discovered that ARPANet was inadequate in the WANs (Wide Area Networks). This led to another research in 1973 to develop a suite of protocol for use. The outcome of that research eort gave birth to what is known as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The internet use and accessibility got to Nigeria in 1991 when the e-mail services of the internet was introduced through dial- up to few users. Access to internet then was through Cyber Cafés connected to Internet Service Provider (ISPs) (Oluwaseyitanfunmi; Oluwasesin & Ebenezer, 2009). In 1995, the Regional Information Network for Africa (RINAF) commenced internet services at the computer science department of Yaba College of Technology, and through the Nigeria Postal Service (NIPOST), in a collaborative eort with Rose Clayton Nigeria Limited (Adomi, 2005). The World Wide Web (WWW) became available in 1996 and its full access became obvious in 1998.
Before 1991, scholars were making use of library materials. Research at that time was diicult for the academic sta (Alfred, 2008; Young 1990). Researchers were faced with obstacles such as inadequate access to materials, insuicient time to search for materials etc. since the advent of internet in Nigeria, it has played vital role in teaching and learning environment as well as widen educational opportunities becoming the most powerful vehicle for accessing information (Kaur, 2006). This has therefore become a tool for interactive learning between the teacher and the student as well as conducting various forms of research which had aided performance in output of these academics (Kamba, 2007).
All along, the slogan “publish or perish” is popular and a reality among the academics. This idea has encouraged the academics to engage in serious research and search for scientific, correct and up-to-date information through the internet or visit the library that is capable of providing access to various data resources and online journals for their various users (Ogunrewo & Odusina, 2010). On this note, scholars have been exposed to the use of Internet right from their secondary school to tertiary institutions. Some of the knowledge acquired during the period has been helpful for academic activities. Among available search-engines for the purpose of academic work are Yahoo, Google, Opera mini, Alta vista, Netscape among others. In this era of Internet usage, nearly all the universities are making use of internet to facilitate teaching, research and get connected with other activities in other universities and the outside world (Ogunrewo & Odusina, 2010).This research is a comparative study of Babcock University and Obafemi Awolowo University. These two institutions are not le out in acknowledging the importance of ICT, therefore, this research will investigate the extent ICT has aided academic development between 2008 to 2015.
1:2 Statement of the Problem
The influence of internet facility to facilitate academic performance cannot be overemphasised. Despite the numerous benefits of internet facility like easy access of related information for teaching and learning, exchange of study materials between researchers and easy sending and receiving of mails, not just for academic staff, this facility is also used by other members of the university community. This internet facility also seems to pose certain challenges to users at all levels such as problem of finding relevant information needed, slow access speed, overload of information, and power outage. The introduction of social media platforms and the availability of sites that promote anti-social behaviours and social vices have also contributed to the problems, aside this, interruption of signals are of major concern. Based on this, the study intends to investigate the effect of internet on performance of academic sta of Babcock University and Obafemi Awolowo University.
