KINETICS AND MECHANISMS OF THE REDOX REACTIONS OF 2,6-DICHLOROPHENOL INDOPHENOL WITH OXYANIONS, HYDRAZINE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Inorganic chemistry is the chemistry of all elements in the periodic table and the compounds they form based on the concept of structure, bonding and reactivity (Cox, 2004). Areas of research in inorganic chemistry includes organometallic chemistry, synthetic inorganic chemistry, cluster chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry, industrial chemistry, kinetic and mechanistic inorganic chemistry (Miessler and Tarr, 2003).
In the last few decades, studies of electron transfer reaction in inorganic chemistry have developed tremendously both theoretically and experimentally as witnessed by large number of research articles (Gennady et al., 2013). In chemical system, mechanism of electron transfer gives kinetic explanation of elementary steps by which the overall chemical reaction change occurs (Espenson, 2002). The mechanisms of such reactions have been generally grouped as either the inner-sphere mechanism; that involve formation of bridging ligand between the reacting species centre prior to electron transfer or the outer-sphere mechanism; that involve direct transfer of electron between reacting species without change in the coordination sphere of the species (Jagannadham, 2012).
2,6-Dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) with a molecular formular of C12H7Cl2NO2 is a quinone imine dye that can be synthesized as a dark green powder, stable, odourless and freely soluble in water (Cabello et al., 2009). Several kinetic process for its oxidation have been used for the determination of chemical reductants in food, as biological sample for making microscopic object more clearly visible than they would be when unstained and in pharmaceutical industries because of it chemical stability, systemic deliverability and membrane permeability (Cabello et al., 2009).
Metabisulphite ion (S2O52-) is an inorganic compound with a wide range of application. It is a good reducing agent used as antioxidant, antimicrobial agent in variety of foods and drugs, antichloride and as sulphonating agent (Quanxi et al., 2015; Ivana et al., 2011), it is also used in wine and beer making to inhibit the growth of wild yeasts, bacteria and fungi (Miline, 2005).
Sulphite ion (SO32-) is an inorganic compound that has a powerful reducing ability. Its sulphur atom is double-bonded to one oxygen atom and single-bonded to two other oxygen atoms that carries a formal charge of -1, together accounting for the -2 charge on the ion. It has a resonance equivalent structure due to the resonance hybrid involving pπ-pπ S-O bonding (Catherine and Alan, 2008). It is used in pharmaceutical industries, paper industries, textile industries, as oxygen scavenger in water treatment and also as preservative additive in food (Hassan and Neil, 2012).
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KINETICS AND MECHANISMS OF THE REDOX REACTIONS OF 2,6-DICHLOROPHENOL INDOPHENOL WITH OXYANIONS, HYDRAZINE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM
