TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page – – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – – vi
Table of Contents – – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION – – – – – – 1
- Background of the study – – – – – – 1
- Aim and Objectives of the Study – – – – 3
- Scope and limitation of the study – – – – 3
- Definition of terms – – – – – – – 3
CHAPTER TWO
- LITERATURE REVIEW – – – – – 5
- Electric Current – – – – – – – 5
- Electric conduction – – – – – – 5
- Potential difference – – – – – – 9
- Electrical Resistance – – – – – – 11
- Factors affecting the res8istance of a conductor – – 14
- Electrical conductivity – – – – – – 19
CHAPTER THREE
- MATERIALS AND METHOD – – – – 21
- Materials – – – – – – – – 21
- Methods – – – – – – – – 21
- Theory – – – – – – – – 22
CHAPTER FOUR
- RESULT AND DISCUSSION – – – – 24
- Result – – – – – – – – – 24
- Discussion – – – – – – – – 29
CHAPTER FIVE
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS – – – – – 31
- Summary – – – – – – – – 31
- Conclusion – – – – – – – – 32
- Recommendation – – – – – – – 33
References – – – – – – – – 34
CHAPTER ONE
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
An electric current is a stream of charged particles such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is measured as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a region (Horowite and Hill, 2015).Materials through which electric current can pass through easily are called electrical conductors. Electrical conductivity is a measure of the ability of a substance to allow the flow of an electric current. Among solids; metals and graphite are good conductors of electricity. Some liquids are also good conductor (Alkins, 2001).
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes. This measurement is one of the more non-specific types of analytical technologies because it does not discriminates between different conductive substances dissolved into solution. For this reason, conductivity measurement is found in process applications, where the types of conductive substance is irrelevant (for instance in Ultra-pure water treatment for semi – conductor “chip” manufacturing where any conductive substance dissolved in the water is undesirable).
When electrical current is passed through a conducting solution, the molecules of the solution dissociate into ions. Ions are positive or negative charges. These ions cause electrical conduction through the liquid. A liquid that conducts electricity due to presence of ions is called an electrolyte. Studies have shown that liquids like lemon juice, liquid soap, rain water, salt solution etc. conduct electricity where as liquids like distilled water, oil alcohol etc. do not conduct electricity. Only substances which are poor conductors of electricity gave a conductivity of about 10-10 ohm and such oils find application as insulating oils in electrical apparatus (Lacht, et al., 2005).
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of this study is to measure the electrical conductivity of different oil samples in order to ascertain their susceptibility as insulating oil in electrical and mechanical apparatus.
1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of this research work as on the determination and compansion of electrical conductivity of selected oil samples.
1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS
- Electrical Conductivity: is a measure of a material ability to conductor or an electric current.
- Electrical Current: An electric current is an stream of charged particle such as electrons or ions moving through an electrical conductor or space.
- Potential difference: This is the difference in the amount of potential energy a particle has due to its position between two location in an electric field.
