Making It Happen: From Interactive to Participatory Language Teaching — Evolving Theory and Practice

PART I THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS Exploring Your Current Beliefs About Learning and Teaching Languages Chapter 1 FROM GRAMMAR-BASED TO COMMUNICATIVE APPROACHES: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Questions to Think About Grammar-Based Approaches Chomsky’s Contributions The Connectionist Communicative Approaches Summary Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion Suggested Readings and Reference Materials Chapter2 THE PROCESS OF LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE IN THE CLASSROOM: A COGNITIVE VIEW Questions to Think About The Interaction Approach The Process of Learning a Second Language Error Treatment Instructed Grammar Summary Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion Suggested Reading and Reference Materials Chapter 3 TOWARD A SOCIOCULTURAL/COGNITIVE MODEL Questions to Think About A Comparison of L1 and L2 Language Acquisition Information-Processing Models Where Do We Go from Here? Vygotsky’s Sociocultural/Cognitive Perspective A Proposed Dialogical Model for Second Language Acquisition Summary Question and Projects for Reflection and Discussion Suggested Reading and Reference Materials Chapter 4 EMERGENT PARTICIPATORY LANGUAGE TEACHING Questions to Think About Empowerment in the Language Classroom A Working Description of Participatory Language Teaching Participatory Practices Meeting Standards Through Participatory Teaching Common Misunderstandings Enabling Students Through Strategic Learning Summary Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion Suggested Readings and Reference Materials Chapter 5 DEVELOPING SKILLS: IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT TEACHING STRATEGIES Questions to Think About Implicit and Explicit: What’s the Difference? Skills Integration Needs Assessment: Product or Process Oriented? Teaching Strategies for Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing Critical Literacy Summary Questions and Projects for Reflections and Discussion Suggested Reading and Reference Materials Chapter 6 THE AFFECTIVE DOMAIN Questions to Think About Attitudes Motivation Level of Anxiety Related Factors Creating a Positive School and Community Environment Summary Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion Suggested Reading and Reference Materials Chapter 7 LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT AND STANDARDS Questions to Think About Language Tests: A Traditional Framework Test Evaluation, Selection, and Development Determining Placement Making Assessment an Integral Part of the Classroom Environment Identifying and Assessing Learner Outcomes Standard for Second and Foreign Language Teaching in the United States A Dialogical Approach to Assessment Summary Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion Suggested Readings and Reference Materials PART II EXPLORING METHODS AND ACTIVITIES Interactive Methods and Activities Adapting the Content of Activities Chapter 8 PHYSICAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE LANGUAGE LEARNING PROCESS Questions to Think About The Total Physical Response: Taking Another Look Total Physical Response Storytelling The Audio-Motor Unit Summary Questions and Projects for Reflection and Discussion Suggested Readings and Reference Materials Chapter 9 INTERACTIVE PRACTICES Questions to Think About