MALARIA PARASITE AND ITS EFFECT TO HUMAN HEALTH

MALARIA PARASITE AND ITS EFFECT TO HUMAN HEALTH

ABSTRACT

 

The detection of malaria parasite in the blood, which is as the major aim of this project was carried out and experimental data shows the existence of three spp of the parasite in the human blood cell these are as follows:

(a)     Plasmodium Falciparium

(b)     P. Malarias

(c)      P. Vivax

 

Moreover, the last remaining spp, which is Plasmodium Ovale was not observed at all in the human blood cell.  Out of 150 specimens collected, 110 were found to be positive indicating that about 74% people in our country Nigeria were living under the shadow of this infectious disease.

Finally, in our findings, it was assumed that the most susceptible group of people to this malaria parasite were the children under the age range of 1 to 10 and the pregnant women in the adult range.  This findings was made after staining the thick and thin film using different stains vis:  Leishman, Giemsa and field Stains, which enhances a clear observation of morphological appearance of the organisms under the microscopic view.

 

LIST OF TABLES

 

TABLE  1            :         Different Between Thick and Thin Film

 

TABLE  2            :         Tabulation of the Result Obtained

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIST OF FIGURES

 

Figure         1        :         Stages of Plasmodium Vivax

Figure         2        :         Stages of Plasmodium Ovale

Figure         3        :         Stages of Plasmodium Malarias

Figure         4        :         Stages of Plasmodium Falciparum

Figure         5        :         General Life Cycle of Malaria Parasite

Figure         6        :         Thick Film of Blood Sample

Figure         7        :         Thin Film of Blood Sample

Figure         8        :         Techniques of Staining (Field stain A & B)

Figure         9        :         Histogram Chart

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE   OF   CONTENTS

 

Title page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

List of table

List of figures

Table of contents

 

CHAPTER   ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background Information

1.2     Statement of the Problems

1.3     aim and Objective of the Study

1.4     Hypothesis

 

CHPATER   TWO

 

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     The Stages of Different Species of Malaria Parasite

 

CHAPTER   THREE

3.0     MATERIALS AND METHOD

3.1     Materials Used

3.2     Sample Collection

3.3     Method of Sample analysis

3.4     Preparation of Blood Film Preparation of buffer Solution to be used with

3.5     Giemsa Stain

3.6     Different Between Thick and Thin Film

 

CHPATER   FOUR

4.0     RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1     Results

4.2     Discussion

CHPATER   FIVE

5.0     RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.1            Recommendations

5.2     Conclusions

 

REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER   ONE

 

1.0                                 INTRODUCTION

1.1                          BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Malaria Parasite is regarded as one of the most serious health problems facing almost the whole world today.  It was noted that this parasitic disease is caused by species of poor tozoa called Plasmodium spp.  Within the compass of medical environment, malaria was known to be a parasitic disease that gets into human system through the pathogenic bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito, (Knudsen, 1992).

Malaria parasite was also found to be mostly infective to the children under 5 – 6 years and pregnant women, this is because this group of people usually build antibodies which do not prevent the endemic disease of the parasite, but tolerate the victim to a point where it is not consistently lethal (WHO 1986).  In the year 1880, Alphonsus Lavaran first observed this parasite at it merizoit stage and was published in the B”Bullentine de Academic de Medicine pariss”. Further findings on this malaria parasite was carried on by Italian doctors which includes Golgi Manson, baslianelli etc. This people observed the mechanism of spreading and the life cycle of the parasite.  It was also estimated that 270 million new malaria infection occur worldwide along with 110 million cases of illness and 2 million deaths, where 25% of children’s’ death in Africa are attributed to malaria parasite (WHO, 1986).

Malaria parasite being a parasite, which falls into protozoa called sporazoa.  It means that they are spore formers; their life cycle involves an alternation of generation, one, which is sexual, and the other asexual method of reproduction.  The sexual and asexual generations in this parasite take place in two different hosts.  In the definite host, the parasite carries out the sexual part of the reproduction of which female anopheles mosquito is the host which the asexual part will be carried on in the intermediate host which is in the human blood system (Franklin and Wehrle, 1948).

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