CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study …………………………………………. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ……………………………………….. 5
1.3 Objective of the Study…………………………………………….. 6
1.4Research Questions…………………………………………………… 7
1.5Hypotheses ………………………………………………………………… 7
1.6 Significance of the Study ………………………………………… 8
1.7Scope of the Study……………………………………………………… 9
1.8 Limitations of the Study…………………………………………… 9
1.9 Definition of Terms ……………………………………………….. 10
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1Definition of MBO ……………………………………………………… 11
2.2Theoretical Framework of the Study ………………………….. 14
2.3Application of Management by Objective …………………… 15
2.4 Role of Management by Objectives in Organization Performance…………………………………….. 20
2.5Two Major School of Thought …………………………………… 23
2.6Steps in Management by Objectives Process ……………. 29
2.7Management by Objective-Objective Setting ……………… 33
2.8Management by Objectives Characteristics ………………. 36
2.9Strengths and Weakness of Management by Objectives System ………………………………………………… 38
2.10Elements of the Management by Objectives System ………………… 49
2.11Historical Background of the Study ………………………….. 51
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design ………………………………………………….. 54
3.2 Sources of Data ……………………………………………………. 55
3.2.1 Primary Sources of Data ………………………………. 55
3.2.2 Secondary Sources of Data ………………………….. 55
3.3 Population of the Study …………………………………………. 56
3.4 Sampling Design and Determination of Sample Size …………………………………………………………. 57
3.5 Method of Data Collection …………………………………….. 58
3.6 Questionnaire Design, Distribution and Collection of Responses ………………………………………. 61
3.6.1 Secondary Method of Data Collection …………… 61
3.7 Method of Presentation and Analysis …………………….. 61
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data Presentation …………………………………………………. 63
4.2 Presentation According to the Key
Research Questions ……………………………………………… 66
4.3 Test of Hypotheses ………………………………………………. 74
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF RESEARCH FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings ……………………………………………. 79
5.2 Recommendations ……………………………………………….. 81
5.3 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………. 82
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………… 84
APPENDIX
…………………………………………………………… 87
ABSTRACT
The main aim of this study is to examine Management by
Objectives as an instrument for organizational performance with focus on First
Bank of Nigeria Plc. Management by
Objectives is a way of getting improved results in managerial method, whereby the
superior and the subordinate managers in an organization identifies major areas
of responsibility, in which they will work, set some standards for good or bad
performance and the measurement of results against those standards (Derek 2005:
156). Management by objectives is also
called managing by objectives. However, there have been certain individuals who
have long placed emphasis on management by objectives and by so doing have
given impetus to its development as a system. Management by objectives prefers
to a structured management technique of setting goals for any organizational
unit. The major problem of this study is
that management of companies in Nigeria lack sufficient techniques to make them
manage effectively. Some of these tools are not used and when used they are not
properly utilized. Management by objectives is not only a managerial strategy
to achieve a well co-ordinated managerial goals, but it is also a popular
management techniques that cut across or pervade all human activities namely business areas,
educationed government, health care and non-profit organization. Unfortunately
many of the organizations are yet to adopt this technique in enlisting
commitment and support of their staff. The major objective/hypotheses of the
study was to determine the various problems affecting management of objectives
as an instrument for organizational performance and the level of participation
of both managers and employees in the setting of goals to be achieved in the
organization. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The major sources of primary data were direct
oral interview and questionnaire which was conducted among the staff. The major
instrument used in the data collection was questionnaire. The data were
presented in tables as frequency distributions and in analysis. In testing the hypotheses, the statistical
test of proportion (Z-test) was applied. The major findings of the study were:
MBO helps to obtain total commitment of all employees to work together in order
to achieve a common goal; that good and prompt salary, promotion as when due,
good relationship with management and recognition of achievement improves
performance of the workers and by so doing enhances organizational performance
when management by objectives is been adopted. The study recommended that
managers should consult his subordinates in drawing up unit objectives which
goes up the hierarchy from where it is modified, collected, approved and
distributed throughout the organisation. Moreso, there should be autonomy in
implementation of plans once the objectives have been agreed upon, the
individual should enjoy wide discretion in choosing the means for achieving the
objectives without being directed by higher ranking manager. Finally, the study
revealed a lot of positive implications and relevance of management by
objectives to modern day management of organizations especially in Nigeria. In
practical terms, the operations of management by objectives requires that each
manager of a unit draws up his department objectives with his subordinates in
line with the centrally stipulated corporate objectives and mission.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Management needs a lot of tools to be able to administer effectively in the day to day running of the business. Management by objectives is one of such tools. It is a way of getting improved results in managerial method whereby the superior and the subordinate managers in an organization identifies major areas of responsibility, in which they will work. Set some standards for good or bad performance and the measurement of results against those standards (Derek 2005: 156).
Management by objectives is also called managing by objectives. However, there have been certain individuals who have long placed emphasis on management by objectives and by so doing have management by objectives refers to a structured management technique of setting goals, for any organizational unit.
Odiorne (1981:1) defines MBO as a system of management whereby the superior and subordinate jointly
identify objectives, define individual major areas of
responsibility in terms of results expected, and use these objectives and expected results as guides for operating the unit and assessing the contribution of each of its member. Besides, Odiorne points out that management by objectives is a “system of management” an overall framework used to guide the organizational unit and outline its direction. He went further to point out that “the superior and subordinate jointly identify objectives”. In other words, it is a participative management procedure that requires commitment and co-operation. The definition deals with identifying the “results” that are expected. Thus management by objectives concentrates on the output of the organization evaluating people by assessing their contribution to this output.
Management
by objectives is a strategy where in the management sets specific goals for the
employees to accomplish within fixed time period. Management by objective is a
dynamic system which seeks to integrate the company a need to clarify and
achieve its profit and growth goals with the managers need to contribute and
develop himself. It is a demanding and rewarding style of managing a business.
Management by objectives can work in any size of organization if the procedures are understand and managers are patient in letting the system set in first. Management by objective is a effective planning, control and development system.
Management by objectives was define by Koontz and O’Donnell (1968: 485) as a technique of system or method of management whereby the superior and subordinate managers of an organization agreed on its broad goal , translate these goal into a chain of specific short term goals, defined each individuals major areas of responsibility in terms of result expected continually reviewed the accomplishment as the sole basis of assessing and rewarding them.
Management by objectives gives the employee the opportunity to participate in decision making, the limits within these limits. It assumes that the employees has been properly selected and trained, and is informed that the employee will be responsible for achieving the desired results in the organization.
Organizations are ubiquitous. According to Mullins (2005:
256), organizations are designed by people to
overcome individual limitations and achieve individually. Hence, organization becomes a means of survival for the people and exerts an important daily influence on the life of the people and the way they live. The major decider for the survival of any organization is the presence of capable men and women with the right technique to combine the organization resources (Man, Machine, materials and Money) to achieve organization goals.
It is appropriate to note that management of companies in Nigeria lack sufficient techniques to make them manage effectively. Some of these tools are not used and when used, they are not properly utilized. Management by objective is not only a managerial strategy to achieve a well coordinated managerial goals, but it is also a popular management techniques that cut across for pervade all human activities namely business areas, educational, government, health care and non-profit organization.
Most of the techniques, system, tools of management are
hardly understood resulting in losses and damages to the organization. Besides
it is the wrong use of techniques and
unwillingness of top management to utilize the right tool to solve the management problems.
         It is on these tends that the researcher intends to find out the prospect and problems of management by objective as an instrument for organizational performance in Nigeria. In order to investigate some of the above problems, one of the leading financial institutions in the country, First Bank of Nigeria Plc. Okpara Avenue Enugu Main has been chosen.
(A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK PLC, ENUGU MAIN BRANCH)
