TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page – – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – iv
Table of Contents – – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – 1
CHAPTER TWO
- Biology of Taraxacum Officinale – – – – – 5
- Common names and Historical – – – – – 5
- Description of Taraxacum Officinale – – – – 6
- Morphological Characteristics – – – – – 9
- Economic Importance – – – – – – 11
- Detrimental Effects – – – – – – – 11
- Beneficial Effects – – – – – – – 12
CHAPTER THREE
- BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL
PROPERTIES AND COMPOUNDS – – – – 16
- Chemical Composition of Taraxacum Officinale – – – 16
- Nutritional Composition – – – – – – 17
- Biological Effect of Taraxacum Officinale – – – 19
- Pharmacology of Taraxacum Officinale – – – – 21
- Demulcent and prebiotic activity – – – – 21
- Digestion, Inflammation and Angiogenesis – – – 22
- Hypoglycemic Effect – – – – – – 23
- Immunity – – – – – – – – 23
CHAPTER FOUR
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION – – – – 25
- Summary – – – – – – – – 25
- Conclusion – – – – – – – – 26
References – – – – – – – – 27
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
From time immemorial, man 100ks for natural resources to improve his living conditions, increasing in this way, his possibilities of survival, Flavoring his health. In all ages and cultures, it retained the use of local natural resources. According to the world health organization it is estimated that 80% of the universal population somehow use plant forms to treat diseases. However, it was not known which plants could be needed to the applied, all based on experimental experiments and scientific information that supported the elucidation about the beneficial and harmful nature of the products from the vegetal forms in the fight against diseases. (Silva E. J. Nascimenta et al., 2018).
With the development of societies, plants have become an important theraupeutic resource through man, since they have immeasurable biologically operative substance which enable the synthesis of countless other synthetic substance of the treatment of the various diseases the effect human (Guerra, M. P., Nodari, et al., 2017). With the progress of technology and the recent notions of sustainability that have become common practice since the twentieth century, the use of Phytotherapeutic plants forms is increasing worldwide, especially in Brazil due to its enormous vegetal biodiversity which instigates new studied to in order to obtain new drugs that meet the therapeutic needs and at the same time, are safe for human health, as well as for all biological areas (Gueira, M. P. et al., and Bila, D. M., et al.) Among the pharmacological properties studied in natural products are the anxioxidant and antimicrobial action. The evaluation of this activity has been an important issue taki8ng into account its importance of human health, Since the natural antioxidant agents present low health risk, when compared to the synthetic ones that present toxic effect (Leite, Nadghia F. et al., 2013).
Within the environmental sciences, the development of phytotherapeutic drugs stands out because it presents a safe and sustainable alternative, With molecules less environmentally aggressive and that are able to meet the therapeutic needs, without the occurrence of bacterial resistances and preserving chemical residue. In the m,idle of these various substances, secondary metabolites such as essential oils, tannins, oil – resins and other such as terpenes, flavonoids, saponins, organic acids and other chemical complexes (Lorenz, H., et al., and Velazquez, E., 2003)are highlighted in the chemical effect that can be used for countless related researches, since they present diverse properties like anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, anticancer, antimicrobial and several other that contributes to the investigation. (Cowan, M. M. 1999). Some plants forms of the genus Taraxacum, known as dandelion, have long been applied in Folk medicine to treat liver disorders and some diseases of women such as breast and Uterine cancer and as infants, choloretics, diuretics and anti-inflammatory drugs. (Ahmad Vu, et al., 2000). This species is listed in the National list of medicinal plants of interest to SUS (RENISUS); a list with a list of phytotherapeutic plant forms that present potential to generate products of interest within the unified Health System (SUS) and whose purpose is to conduct studies and research that will subsidize the design of a list of herbal and phytotherapeutic plants to be provided for the use of the population, safety and effectively for the treatment of a perticlar disease (Brazil, et al., 2014). Taraxacum Officinale popularly known as dandelion, has a global distribution, being better expressed in the temperature and subtropical regions, in approximately 1,100 genera and 19,000 species (Cronquist, A. F. et al., 1979). From the Asteraceae family of which the plant species Taraxacum Officinale, popularly known as dandelion, has a global distribution, being better expressed in the temperature and subtropical regions. In approximately 1,100 genera and 19,000 species (Cronquist, 1979). Among the substance extracted from taraxasterol and the glycoside taraxacoside Teske M, et al., 1997) as well as sterols (β – sitosterol, stigmasterol, rubber, resins (Kissmann, K. G. et al., 1992) tannins, fatty acids, levulose, a galactose polyholoside and arabinose, caffeic acid, p – hydroxyphenylacetic acid asparagines, tyrosine, (Costa et al., 1979) carotenolds, phytosterol, (Panizza, S. 1996), β-amirin, flavonoids, citric acid, amino acids, saponnis and Inulin. (Teske, M. et al., 1997).
