Ovarian Reserve Function And Anovulation In Unmarried Women Of Child-Bearing Age In Anambra State
Table of Contents
Chapter One…………………………………………………………………………..1
1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 Background………………………………………………………………………………………….1
1.1.1 Infertility……………………………………………………………………………..1-2
1.1.2 Female Infertility…………………………………………………………………..2-6
1.1.3 Male Infertility………………………………………………………………………….6
1.2 Epidemiology……………………………………………………………………………………….7
1.3 Statement of the Problem and Justification………………………………………….7-8
1.4 Aim…………………………………………………………………………………………………….8
1.5 Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………….8-9
Chapter Two………………………………………………………………………….10
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2.0 Literature Review…………………………………………………………………………………10
2.1 Causes of Infertility…………………………………………………………………………10-22
2.2 Hormonal Profile and Fertility Assessment…………………………………………22-24
Chapter Three…………………………………………………………………….…25
3.0 Materials and Methods………………………………………………………………………25
3.1 Subjects………………………………………………………………………………………….25
3.2 Study Site……………………………………………………………………………………….26
3.3 Sample Collection and Processing………………………………………………………26
3.4 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria………………………………………………………….26
3.5.0 Methods…………………………………………………………………………………………..30
3.5.1 Follicle Stimulating Hormone………………………………………………..30-31
3.5.2 Luteinizing Hormone……………………………………………………………32-33
3.5.3 Prolactin…………………………………………………………………………….34-35
3.5.4 Testosterone………………………………………………………………………36-37
3.5.5 Progesterone………………………………………………………………………38-39
3.5.6 Estradiol (E2)……………………………………………………………………..40-41
3.5.7 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone………………………………………………42-43
3.5.8 Statistical Analysis…………………………………………………………………..43
Chapter Four…………………………………………………………………………41
4.0 Results…………………………………………………………………………………………….41
4.1 Results of Ovarian Reserve Status in unmarried
female participants based on FSH values of day
3-4 of menstrual cycle.………………………………………….………………………….41
4.2 Results of frequency distribution of unmarried and married
participants using their ovarian reserve function and ovulatory
status. ………………………………………………………………..………………………….43
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4.3 Results of hormonal profiles of unmarried and married female
participants of reproductive age grouped based on
day 3-4 of menstrual cycle…………………………….……..…..………………………45
4.4 Results of hormonal profiles of unmarried and married female
participants of reproductive age grouped based on day 21-23
of menstrual cycle.……………………………………………………………………………47
4.5 Comparison of hormonal profiles between days 3-4 and 21-
23 menstrual cycles of unmarried female participants of reproductive age
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..….49
4.6 Comparison of hormonal profiles between days 3-4 and 21-23
of menstrual cycle of married female control participants
of reproductive age…………………………………………………………….…………….51
4.7 Levels of association between parameters in unmarried
females of reproductive age…………………………………………………………53
4.8 Comparing hormonal profiles of unmarried female
participants with that of married controls based on
day 3-4 of menstrual cycle….………………..…………………………………………..55
4.9 Comparing hormonal profiles of unmarried female
participants with that of married controls based
on day 21-23 of menstrual cycle ……………………………………………………….57
4.10 Comparing hormonal profiles of unmarried female
participants with that of married controls based on
progesterone values of day 3-4 of menstrual cycle….……………………….…59
4.11 Comparing hormonal profiles of unmarried female
participants with that of married controls based on
progesterone values of day 21-23 of menstrual cycle ….………………………61
Chapter Five………………………………………………………………………….63
5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation
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Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………..63-69
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..69-70
Recommendation……………………………………………………………………………..70
References……………………………………………………………………………………….71-79
Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………………..80-84
List of Tables
Table 4.1: Ovarian reserve status in unmarried female
participants based on FSH values of day 3-4 of
menstrual Cycle……………………………………………………………………..42
Table 4.2: Distribution of unmarried and married participants
using their ovarian reserve function and ovulatory
status based on day 21-23 progesterone ………………………………….44
Table 4.3: Mean±SD of hormonal profiles of unmarried and
married female participants of reproductive age
grouped based on day 3-4 of menstrual cycle ……..……………………46
Table 4.4: Mean(±SD) of hormonal profiles of unmarried and married
female participants of reproductive age grouped
based on day 21-23 menstrual cycle ………………………………………..….48
Table 4.5: Comparison of Mean +SD of hormonal Profiles
Between Days 3-4 and 21-23 of menstrual cycles of
unmarried female participants of reproductive age…….……………..50
Table 4.6: Mean +SD of
