ATTITUDE OF PARENTS TOWARDS CAREER CHOICE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ESAN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE (GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of Study
In carrying out a study of this nature, one would need to look back at previous work done on the topic to see if the present study is in conscience with them or if who made attempts at similar studies have concerned themselves with the performance or achievement of secondary school rather than career choice of students and parental attitudes.
This literature review is specifically aimed at finding out attitude of parents on the career choice of secondary school students. A career is a lifelong process which is other words, is a day to day affair. To make a choice of career is not an easy process (Ipaye, 1986). Erickson 91968) proposed that career choice is perhaps the major decision leading to a sense of identity. In choosing a particular career, the student have profound influence in shaping his or her life (Weber, 1975, Nwonwale, 1982) further noted that when a child talks of the type of career he wants, he or she seems to be unwittingly talking about the type of person he wants to become.
In the process of making a career choice, some careers are sought and others are rejected undoubtedly, certain factors are instrumental to the choice or rejection of some careers. The works of Nwamann (1982) states that often there is conflict between Nigerian students, their countries and the specific types of occupation for which the youths should be preparing. Some other theories of vocational psychology have suggested that parents have influence on their children aspirations expectations and maturity Ginzderg et al (1951).
The choice of career influences almost every aspect of a person’s life. It changes the individual’s values, ideas and standards such as socio-economic status. The choice of career therefore determines his satisfaction and success in life.
Olayinke (1973) and Ogunlade (1973) wrote that a person’s occupation always play an important role in his total life adjustment.
Century referenced the series of job and position by which one enhanced one’s money it tended to look only at the past.
As the idea of personal choice and self-direction picks up in the 21st century, aided by the power of the internet and the acceptance of people having multiple kinds of work, the idea of a career is shifting from a closed set of achievements, like a phonological resource of past jobs, to a defined set of pursuits performed. In its broadest sense, career refers to an individual’s works and life roles over their life span.
In the relatively static societies before modernism, many workers would often inherent or take up a single life long position (a place or role in the work force) and the concept of unfolding career had little or no meaning.
With the spread during the enlightenment of individualist self-betterment, career becomes possible if not expected.
Career assessment can help individuals identify and better articulate their unique interests, value and skills. Career assessments are therefore tests that came in a variety of forms and rely on both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Career counsellors’ executive coaches, career development centres often administer career assessments to help individuals focus their search on career that closely match their unique personal profile.
Career counselling advisers assess people’s interest, personality, values and skills and also help them explore career options and research graduate and professional assistance in exploration and decision making task related to choosing a major or occupation, transitioning into the word of work or further professional training. The field is vast and includes career placement, career planning, learning strategies and student development.
By the late 20th century, a plethora of choice especially in the range of potential professional and more wide spread education allowed it to become fashionable to plan (or design) a career. In this respect the careers of the career counsellor and of the career adviser have grown up. It is also not uncommon for adults in the late 20th or early 21st centuries to have dual or multiple careers, either sequentially or concurrently. Thus professional identities have become hyphenated or hybridized to reflect this ship in work ethic. Economist Richard Florida notes this trend generally and more specifically among the creative class.
