CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives the brief description about the need for Wireless Patient Monitoring System and its importance. This chapter also gives the brief description about scope of the project and design methodology. Patient Monitoring System is a process where a surgeon can continuously monitor more than one patient at a time in remote place.
- PROPOSED WORK
Some severe diseases and disorders e.g. heart failure needs close and continual monitoring procedure after diagnosis, in order to prevent mortality or further damage as secondary to the mention diseases or disorders. Monitoring these types of patients, usually occur at hospitals or healthcare centers. Heart arrhythmias for instance, in many cases, need continual long-term monitoring. However, the patients are often too early released, owing to need of hospital bed for another patient on the waiting list, who needs to be hospitalized immediately.
- SCOPE OF THE WORK
Long waiting time for hospitalization or ambulatory patient monitoring/treatment, are other well-known issues for both the healthcare institutions and the patients. This project provides healthcare authorities to maximize the quality and breadth of healthcare services by controlling costs. As the population increases and demand for services increases, the ability to maintain the quality and availability of care, while effectively managing financial and human resources, is achieved by this project. The use of modern communication technology in this context is the sole decisive factor that makes such communication system successful.
1.3 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
In transmitting circuit the heart beat is measured with the help of LED and LDR arrangement, then this signal is amplified by LM 324 IC and applied to the microcontroller, which displays it over an LCD display and Glucose bottle empty level is checked with the help of Infrared LED and Photodiode, it produces a alarm on transmitter side and applied trigger to microcontroller which sends it to Encoder IC. The Encoder IC will encode it and transmit using ASK Modulation at 433 MHz carrier frequency.
The receiver circuit receives the RF signal using ASK Demodulation scheme, then it is applied to the Decoder. The Decoder decodes the signal and sends it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller will display it on LCD display and also produce a Glucose bottle empty indication alarm.
1.4 ADVANCEMENT IN CONTEMPORARY
As we know the invention of Wireless Patient Monitoring System is a great work in psychological and medical research, it have invented several years ago. Now the point to pile on is what is new we are representing by our project having the same name. As our project is Patient monitoring system with RF Transmission and Reception (433 MHz), it’s name clearly implies that it monitors patient health condition by measuring heart beat and glucose bottle empty indicator attached with RF-Module that is able to transmit the heart beat count reading and glucose bottle empty indication from one place to another (T.S. Rappaport, 2008). Thus it becomes more convenient for a doctor to observe the current condition of a patient or all the patients recent in hospital at the same time without going in their rooms and checking them one by one. He can observe their condition from the LCD display and alarm present in his cabin. Thus it is a great advancement in the design of conventional system.
Further we are working on the principle of light modulation by blood flow through finger at each pulse to measure the heart beat of a patient in our project. Thus this design replaces the complex heart beat sensors to monitor the heart beat, which are comparatively inconvenient for the patient. Placing his finger between LED and LDR (light dependent resistor) is more convenient than wearing a sensing device at chest. Thus this is really a fruitful result of our team’s efforts and hard work. In this project we use innovative technique to measure the heart beat measurement. In this project we use two circuits to show our idea. One is transmitter and second is receiver. In the transmitter circuit we measure the heart beat & glucose bottle empty indication and then transmit the data after 60 seconds. This data is transmitting on the radio frequency 433 MHz. In the receiver section we receive the data on radio frequency and display the values on the LCD display and also produce a glucose bottle empty alarm.
The project is very useful as it can be used to monitor the heart beats in digital display format. The heart beat information available in digital format is easy to understand. In our project we have used LED and LDR to sense the blood pumping done by heart which are proportional to heartbeats and send the signal to current amplifier. We are using two stages of amplifiers to amplify weak signals. The amplified signals are processes to extract the cycles of blood through our body. The average value of sensed cycles of blood pumps are displayed per minute interval. We have used microcontroller AT89S52 to process the sensed signal from sensor and displayed on 16×2 LCD display (L. N. Katz, December 1949).
We use this concept in wireless telemetry data logging system. In this system it is possible to monitor the pulse rate of different person at a time by digital encoder system. In this system of transmission we transmit the data with particular address code. For this address coding we use encoder and decoder with address coding facility (Washington, 1991)
