ABSTRACT
In this thesis, a diagnostic assessment of the entire water supply distribution network was carried out in order to evaluate problems associated with water supply in Calabar. This assessment was carried out by conducting inventory of all the facilities in the entire water supply distribution network by onsite, physical and visual inspection of all the elements in the distribution system during operation. Qualitative assessment of equipment/facilities physical conditions and functionality was conducted using numeric rating of 0-4. The situational analysis of the system was also carried out using performance indicators such as Service Performance Evaluation Ethics (SPEM), Sustainable Effectiveness Ranking Approach (SERA) and Strength Weakness Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analyses. Detailed evaluation of overall operation and maintenance and pumping schedule plan was looked into. The results clearly shows that the transmission pipes, service reservoirs, pumping stations and valves in the distribution system are in good physical conditions and are functioning properly. However, most of leakages and bursts occur in asbestos pipe in the distribution system and valves in the transmission system. The system has 56% operation and 70% human resources capacity with the total evaluation capacity using SPEM as 60%. The type of maintenance carried out is simple reactive rehabilitation approach any time there is failure. A suggestion of proactive rehabilitation was made which is better than reactive rehabilitation approach. Thus, it will be appropriate to pump water from 0000 hours to 1200 hours and 12 to 18hours to meet the water demand and minimised cost of operation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENT PAGE
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
ABBREVIATION x
LIST OF TABLES xi
LIST OF FIGURES xii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preamble 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 1
- Aim and Objectives 2
- Justification of the Study 3
- Limitations 4
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE
- Water Distribution System 5
- Storage and Distribution Reservoirs 9
- Systems of Water Supply 10
- Pumping Schedule 10
- Condition Assessment 12
CHAPTER THREE; MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 The Study Area 15
- Description of the Distribution System 17
3.2.1 Pipeline 17
3.2.2 Storage Facilities/Booster Pump Station 17
3.2.3Booster pump station 18
3.3 Methods 18
3.3.1 Condition Assessment 18
3.4 Performance Indicators 20
3.4.1 Development of Evaluation Approach 20
3.4.2 Operational Capacity Utilizations 21
- Sustainable and Effectiveness Ranking Approach (SERA) 24
3.4.4Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis 26
3.5 Operation and Maintenance 27
3.6 Pumping Schedule 28
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Condition of the Distribution System 30
4.1.1 Pipes Properties 30
4.1.2Valves 32
4.1.3 Pumps 35
4.1.4 Service Reservoirs 37
4.1.5Hydrants 38
4.2 Performance Evaluation Analysis 39
4.2.1 Discussion of results of Performance Evaluation Analysis 42
4.3 SWOT Analysis 43
4.4 Operation and Maintenance 45
- Pumps and Pumping Station 46
4.4.2 Maintenance of Pumping Machines 47
- Staffing 48
4.6 Pumping Schedule 50
4.6.1 Water Demand 50
4.6.2 Existing Pumping Schedule 50
4.6.3 Total water consumption per day 53
4.6.4 Required Storage Capacity 53
4.6.5 Pumping Schedule Analysis 54
- Operation and Maintenance Plan 56
4.7.1 Transmission Mains. 56
4.7.2 Maintenance Schedules 56
4.7.3 Service Reservoirs 57
4.7.4 Distribution System 57
4.7.5 Pumps 58
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Conclusion 60
- Recommendations 61
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
