COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PORTLAND CEMENT IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIAN

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PORTLAND CEMENT IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIAN

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROBLEM OF THE STUDY
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
1.3 OBJECTIVES
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 DEFINITION OF WASTES
2.2 SOURCES OF SOLD WASTES
2.3 COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
2.4 INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTES
2.5 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL HAZARD OF SOLID WASTES
2.6 WATER POLLUTION FROM SOLID WASTES
2.7 SOURCES OF WATER
2.8 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER
2.9 EFFECT OF RAIN WATER ON UNDER GROUND WATER
2.10 COLOR DETERMINATIONS
2.11 TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID WASTES (TSS) TOTAL DISSOIVED SOLID WASTES (TDS)
2.12 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLID WASTES (TDS)
2.13 DISSOIVED OXYGEN (DO)
2.14 TYPE OF WASTES AND ITS CONSTITUENTS
2.15 SOLID WASTES EFFECT AND CONTROL ON UNDERGROUD WATER.
2.16 TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WASTES

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 PHYSICAL OBSERVATION OF THE STUDY AREAS
3.2 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 METHOD OF LABORATORY TESTS ON PH, TEMPERATURE, CONDUCTIVITY, ALKALINITY, TOTAL HARDNESS, CHLORINE AND BACTERIOLOGICAL TEST OF THE WATER SAMPLE.
4.2 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 APPENDICES
5.4 REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

ordinary portland cement (o. p. c): a substance which binds together the particles of aggregates (usually sand and gravel) to form a mass of high compressive strength concrete. it is a combination of limestone or chalk with clay mixed in a proportion depend on the type of cement desired. portland cement is the most common type of cement generally used around the world because it is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco e.t.c. if a fine powder is produced by grinding portland cement clinker more than 90 %, a limited amount of calcium sulphate which shall consist at least two-thirds by mass of calcium silicates (3cao.sio2). the remainder consisting of aluminum and iron containing clinker phases and other compounds. the ratio of cao to sio2 shall not be less than 2.0. the magnesium oxide content (mgo) shall not exceed 5.0% by mass.

portland cement as the cement that only harden by reacting with water but also forms a water-resistant product. produce by pulverizing clinker consisting one or more of the form of calcium silicates, usually containing one or more of the calcium sulphate (diameter 0.2 – 1.0 inch (5 – 25mm), the low cost and wide spread availability of the limestone, shales and other naturally occurring materials make portland cement one of the lowest – cost materials widely use over the last century throughout the world. (wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2011).

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PORTLAND CEMENT IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIAN

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