PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROMES AMONG HEALTH WORKERS OF CALABAR MUNICIPALITY IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA

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ABSTRACT

Healthcare providers occupy an important position in the health sector and the

economy of a country. Hence, it is important to ensure that they are sound in health,this goes a long way in maintaining the health of the citizens at large. The increasing incidence of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Nigeria is a national health problem. This was a cross sectional study carried out on 297 Health workers using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and National Cholesterol Education Programe (NCEP)ATP 111:. Data was collected using pretested, structured and researcher administered questionnaire as well as blood sample was obtained to test for glucose level and lipid profile which include the High Density Lipoprotein(HDL-C), Total Cholesterol(TC), Low density Lipoprotein(LDL-c) and triglyceride. The prevalence of MetS using the IDF citeria was 25.0% with p=0.001 while using the NCEP citeria was 38.3% with p=0.022. MetS was significantly associated with  female (18.3%) and male (6.7%) using the IDF citeria while using the NCEP ATP III, female (26.7%) and male (11.7%) Hypertension/diabetes (8.3%), Hypertension/Obesity(6.7%), Hypertension & Diabetes and Obesity and Dyslipidemia(0.0), Hypertension and Diabetes and Obesity(0.0%), Diabetes and obesity(3.3%), Diabetes and  Dyslipidemia(20.0%) and Hypertension and  Dyslipidemia(16.7.0%) and Obesity and Dyslipidaemia(15.0%). The females were twice the size of males with metabolic syndromes and physical inactive, feeding pattern as well as food choices contributed to it. This calls for deployment of policies to support the implementation of lifestyle modification, programs for prevention, control, and management of MetS in the health care establishments. Also, by targeting high risk individuals such as those with low educational profile and those with low fruit and vegetable intake as well as those who consume alcohol.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

CERTIFICATION

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

  1. Background of Study       –           –           –           –           –           –           –          
    1. Justification           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          
    1. Aim ofthe  study  
    1. General Objectives   –       –           –           –           –           –           –           –          
    1. Specific Objectives           –           –           –           –           –           –           –
    1.  Significant of the study
    1.  Scope of the study

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition of Metabolic Syndrome                   

2.2 Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome

2.3 National prevalence of metabolic syndrome

2.4 Medical conditions that predispose one to metabolic syndrome-             –      –           –                      

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Study Area            –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.2 Study Design        –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.3 Study Population  –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.4 Sample Size Determination           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.5 Sampling Technique          –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.6 Ethical Approval   –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.7 Informed Consent –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.8 Selection Criteria  –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.9 Instruments for Data Collection   –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.9.1 Questionnaire Administration    –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.9.2 Validity, Reliability and Pre-Testing of Instrument                     –        –          

3.9.3 Anthropometric Measurements  –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.9.4 Biochemical Measurement and Clinical Assessments   –           –           –          

3.9.5 Dietary Assessment Pattern       –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.10 Data Analysis      –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATION

5.1 Discussion             –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

5.2 Summary   –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

5.3 Conclusion                        –           –           –           –           –           –           –

5.4 Recommendations           

References                 

Appendix

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

MetS————-Metabolic Syndrome

MS—————Metabolic Syndrome

CVD————Cardio Vascular Disease

T2DM———–Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

HDL————High Density Lipoprotein

ICD——— International Classification of Disease

WHO——–World Health Organization

NCEP/ATP—The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel

AACE—– American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

IDF——— International Diabetes Federation

ASCVD—- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

BMI—-Body Mass Index

NHMS—- National Health and Morbidity Survey

ACSM—- American College of Sport Medicine

FBS—- Fasting Blood Sugar

BMI— Body Mass Index

WHR—- Waist Hip Ratio

WC— Waist Circumference

LDL—- Low Density Lipoprotein

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: demographic parameter of study population            –           –           –           –          

Table 2: frequency distribution of metabolic disease among the respondent             –          

Table 3: comparison of the prevalence if detected metabolic diseases between male and female respondents         –                  –     –           —          –           –           –           —          –           –          

Table 4: frequency distribution of the different feeding and life style of the respondents  

Table 5: frequency distribution of the different anthropometric indices classes among respondents            –           –                  –     –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

Table 6: comparison of the male mean values of age, BMI, WHR, FBS some parameters of Lipid profiles, systolic, diastolic and dietary scores to those of females.        –           –          

Table 7: comparison of mean values of age, BMI, WHR, FBS some parameters of Lipid profiles, systolic, diastolic and dietary scores across profession.  –           –           –          

Table 8: comparison of t mean values of age, BMI, WHR, FBS some parameters of Lipid profiles, systolic, diastolic and dietary scores across age category.          –           –           –

CHAPTER ONE

Healthcare providers occupy an important position in the health sector and the

economy of a country. Hence, it is important to ensure that they are sound in health,this goes a long way in maintaining the health of the citizens at large. The increasing incidence of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Nigeria is a national health problem. This was a cross sectional study carried out on 297 Health workers using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and National Cholesterol Education Programe (NCEP)ATP 111:. Data was collected using pretested, structured and researcher administered questionnaire as well as blood sample was obtained to test for glucose level and lipid profile which include the High Density Lipoprotein(HDL-C), Total Cholesterol(TC), Low density Lipoprotein(LDL-c) and triglyceride. The prevalence of MetS using the IDF citeria was 25.0% with p=0.001 while using the NCEP citeria was 38.3% with p=0.022. MetS was significantly associated with  female (18.3%) and male (6.7%) using the IDF citeria while using the NCEP ATP III, female (26.7%) and male (11.7%) Hypertension/diabetes (8.3%), Hypertension/Obesity(6.7%), Hypertension & Diabetes and Obesity and Dyslipidemia(0.0), Hypertension and Diabetes and Obesity(0.0%), Diabetes and obesity(3.3%), Diabetes and  Dyslipidemia(20.0%) and Hypertension and  Dyslipidemia(16.7.0%) and Obesity and Dyslipidaemia(15.0%). The females were twice the size of males with metabolic syndromes and physical inactive, feeding pattern as well as food choices contributed to it. This calls for deployment of policies to support the implementation of lifestyle modification, programs for prevention, control, and management of MetS in the health care establishments. Also, by targeting high risk individuals such as those with low educational profile and those with low fruit and vegetable intake as well as those who consume alcohol.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

CERTIFICATION

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

  1. Background of Study       –           –           –           –           –           –           –          
    1. Justification           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          
    1. Aim ofthe  study  
    1. General Objectives   –       –           –           –           –           –           –           –          
    1. Specific Objectives           –           –           –           –           –           –           –
    1.  Significant of the study
    1.  Scope of the study

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition of Metabolic Syndrome                   

2.2 Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome

2.3 National prevalence of metabolic syndrome

2.4 Medical conditions that predispose one to metabolic syndrome-             –      –           –                      

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Study Area            –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.2 Study Design        –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.3 Study Population  –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.4 Sample Size Determination           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.5 Sampling Technique          –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.6 Ethical Approval   –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.7 Informed Consent –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.8 Selection Criteria  –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.9 Instruments for Data Collection   –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.9.1 Questionnaire Administration    –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.9.2 Validity, Reliability and Pre-Testing of Instrument                     –        –          

3.9.3 Anthropometric Measurements  –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.9.4 Biochemical Measurement and Clinical Assessments   –           –           –          

3.9.5 Dietary Assessment Pattern       –           –           –           –           –           –          

3.10 Data Analysis      –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATION

5.1 Discussion             –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

5.2 Summary   –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

5.3 Conclusion                        –           –           –           –           –           –           –

5.4 Recommendations           

References                 

Appendix

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

MetS————-Metabolic Syndrome

MS—————Metabolic Syndrome

CVD————Cardio Vascular Disease

T2DM———–Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

HDL————High Density Lipoprotein

ICD——— International Classification of Disease

WHO——–World Health Organization

NCEP/ATP—The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel

AACE—– American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

IDF——— International Diabetes Federation

ASCVD—- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

BMI—-Body Mass Index

NHMS—- National Health and Morbidity Survey

ACSM—- American College of Sport Medicine

FBS—- Fasting Blood Sugar

BMI— Body Mass Index

WHR—- Waist Hip Ratio

WC— Waist Circumference

LDL—- Low Density Lipoprotein

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: demographic parameter of study population            –           –           –           –          

Table 2: frequency distribution of metabolic disease among the respondent             –          

Table 3: comparison of the prevalence if detected metabolic diseases between male and female respondents         –                  –     –           —          –           –           –           —          –           –          

Table 4: frequency distribution of the different feeding and life style of the respondents  

Table 5: frequency distribution of the different anthropometric indices classes among respondents            –           –                  –     –           –           –           –           –           –           –          

Table 6: comparison of the male mean values of age, BMI, WHR, FBS some parameters of Lipid profiles, systolic, diastolic and dietary scores to those of females.        –           –          

Table 7: comparison of mean values of age, BMI, WHR, FBS some parameters of Lipid profiles, systolic, diastolic and dietary scores across profession.  –           –           –          

Table 8: comparison of t mean values of age, BMI, WHR, FBS some parameters of Lipid profiles, systolic, diastolic and dietary scores across age category.          –           –           –

PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROMES AMONG HEALTH WORKERS OF CALABAR MUNICIPALITY IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA