ABSTRACT
Healthcare providers occupy an important position in the health sector and the
economy of a country. Hence, it is important to ensure that they are sound in health,this goes a long way in maintaining the health of the citizens at large. The increasing incidence of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Nigeria is a national health problem. This was a cross sectional study carried out on 297 Health workers using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and National Cholesterol Education Programe (NCEP)ATP 111:. Data was collected using pretested, structured and researcher administered questionnaire as well as blood sample was obtained to test for glucose level and lipid profile which include the High Density Lipoprotein(HDL-C), Total Cholesterol(TC), Low density Lipoprotein(LDL-c) and triglyceride. The prevalence of MetS using the IDF citeria was 25.0% with p=0.001 while using the NCEP citeria was 38.3% with p=0.022. MetS was significantly associated with female (18.3%) and male (6.7%) using the IDF citeria while using the NCEP ATP III, female (26.7%) and male (11.7%) Hypertension/diabetes (8.3%), Hypertension/Obesity(6.7%), Hypertension & Diabetes and Obesity and Dyslipidemia(0.0), Hypertension and Diabetes and Obesity(0.0%), Diabetes and obesity(3.3%), Diabetes and Dyslipidemia(20.0%) and Hypertension and Dyslipidemia(16.7.0%) and Obesity and Dyslipidaemia(15.0%). The females were twice the size of males with metabolic syndromes and physical inactive, feeding pattern as well as food choices contributed to it. This calls for deployment of policies to support the implementation of lifestyle modification, programs for prevention, control, and management of MetS in the health care establishments. Also, by targeting high risk individuals such as those with low educational profile and those with low fruit and vegetable intake as well as those who consume alcohol.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
- Background of Study – – – – – – –
- Justification – – – – – – – –
- Aim ofthe study
- General Objectives – – – – – – – –
- Specific Objectives – – – – – – –
- Significant of the study
- Scope of the study
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of Metabolic Syndrome
2.2 Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome
2.3 National prevalence of metabolic syndrome
2.4 Medical conditions that predispose one to metabolic syndrome- – – –
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Study Area – – – – – – – –
3.2 Study Design – – – – – – – –
3.3 Study Population – – – – – – – –
3.4 Sample Size Determination – – – – – –
3.5 Sampling Technique – – – – – – –
3.6 Ethical Approval – – – – – – – –
3.7 Informed Consent – – – – – – – –
3.8 Selection Criteria – – – – – – – –
3.9 Instruments for Data Collection – – – – – –
3.9.1 Questionnaire Administration – – – – – –
3.9.2 Validity, Reliability and Pre-Testing of Instrument – –
3.9.3 Anthropometric Measurements – – – – – –
3.9.4 Biochemical Measurement and Clinical Assessments – – –
3.9.5 Dietary Assessment Pattern – – – – – –
3.10 Data Analysis – – – – – – – –
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATION
5.1 Discussion – – – – – – – –
5.2 Summary – – – – – – – –
5.3 Conclusion – – – – – – –
5.4 Recommendations
References
Appendix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
MetS————-Metabolic Syndrome
MS—————Metabolic Syndrome
CVD————Cardio Vascular Disease
T2DM———–Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
HDL————High Density Lipoprotein
ICD——— International Classification of Disease
WHO——–World Health Organization
NCEP/ATP—The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel
AACE—– American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
IDF——— International Diabetes Federation
ASCVD—- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
BMI—-Body Mass Index
NHMS—- National Health and Morbidity Survey
ACSM—- American College of Sport Medicine
FBS—- Fasting Blood Sugar
BMI— Body Mass Index
WHR—- Waist Hip Ratio
WC— Waist Circumference
LDL—- Low Density Lipoprotein
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: demographic parameter of study population – – – –
Table 2: frequency distribution of metabolic disease among the respondent –
Table 3: comparison of the prevalence if detected metabolic diseases between male and female respondents – – – — – – – — – –
Table 4: frequency distribution of the different feeding and life style of the respondents
Table 5: frequency distribution of the different anthropometric indices classes among respondents – – – – – – – – – –
Table 6: comparison of the male mean values of age, BMI, WHR, FBS some parameters of Lipid profiles, systolic, diastolic and dietary scores to those of females. – –
Table 7: comparison of mean values of age, BMI, WHR, FBS some parameters of Lipid profiles, systolic, diastolic and dietary scores across profession. – – –
Table 8: comparison of t mean values of age, BMI, WHR, FBS some parameters of Lipid profiles, systolic, diastolic and dietary scores across age category. – – –
CHAPTER ONE
Healthcare providers occupy an important position in the health sector and the
economy of a country. Hence, it is important to ensure that they are sound in health,this goes a long way in maintaining the health of the citizens at large. The increasing incidence of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Nigeria is a national health problem. This was a cross sectional study carried out on 297 Health workers using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and National Cholesterol Education Programe (NCEP)ATP 111:. Data was collected using pretested, structured and researcher administered questionnaire as well as blood sample was obtained to test for glucose level and lipid profile which include the High Density Lipoprotein(HDL-C), Total Cholesterol(TC), Low density Lipoprotein(LDL-c) and triglyceride. The prevalence of MetS using the IDF citeria was 25.0% with p=0.001 while using the NCEP citeria was 38.3% with p=0.022. MetS was significantly associated with female (18.3%) and male (6.7%) using the IDF citeria while using the NCEP ATP III, female (26.7%) and male (11.7%) Hypertension/diabetes (8.3%), Hypertension/Obesity(6.7%), Hypertension & Diabetes and Obesity and Dyslipidemia(0.0), Hypertension and Diabetes and Obesity(0.0%), Diabetes and obesity(3.3%), Diabetes and Dyslipidemia(20.0%) and Hypertension and Dyslipidemia(16.7.0%) and Obesity and Dyslipidaemia(15.0%). The females were twice the size of males with metabolic syndromes and physical inactive, feeding pattern as well as food choices contributed to it. This calls for deployment of policies to support the implementation of lifestyle modification, programs for prevention, control, and management of MetS in the health care establishments. Also, by targeting high risk individuals such as those with low educational profile and those with low fruit and vegetable intake as well as those who consume alcohol.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
- Background of Study – – – – – – –
- Justification – – – – – – – –
- Aim ofthe study
- General Objectives – – – – – – – –
- Specific Objectives – – – – – – –
- Significant of the study
- Scope of the study
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of Metabolic Syndrome
2.2 Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome
2.3 National prevalence of metabolic syndrome
2.4 Medical conditions that predispose one to metabolic syndrome- – – –
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Study Area – – – – – – – –
3.2 Study Design – – – – – – – –
3.3 Study Population – – – – – – – –
3.4 Sample Size Determination – – – – – –
3.5 Sampling Technique – – – – – – –
3.6 Ethical Approval – – – – – – – –
3.7 Informed Consent – – – – – – – –
3.8 Selection Criteria – – – – – – – –
3.9 Instruments for Data Collection – – – – – –
3.9.1 Questionnaire Administration – – – – – –
3.9.2 Validity, Reliability and Pre-Testing of Instrument – –
3.9.3 Anthropometric Measurements – – – – – –
3.9.4 Biochemical Measurement and Clinical Assessments – – –
3.9.5 Dietary Assessment Pattern – – – – – –
3.10 Data Analysis – – – – – – – –
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATION
5.1 Discussion – – – – – – – –
5.2 Summary – – – – – – – –
5.3 Conclusion – – – – – – –
5.4 Recommendations
References
Appendix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
MetS————-Metabolic Syndrome
MS—————Metabolic Syndrome
CVD————Cardio Vascular Disease
T2DM———–Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
HDL————High Density Lipoprotein
ICD——— International Classification of Disease
WHO——–World Health Organization
NCEP/ATP—The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel
AACE—– American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
IDF——— International Diabetes Federation
ASCVD—- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
BMI—-Body Mass Index
NHMS—- National Health and Morbidity Survey
ACSM—- American College of Sport Medicine
FBS—- Fasting Blood Sugar
BMI— Body Mass Index
WHR—- Waist Hip Ratio
WC— Waist Circumference
LDL—- Low Density Lipoprotein
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: demographic parameter of study population – – – –
Table 2: frequency distribution of metabolic disease among the respondent –
Table 3: comparison of the prevalence if detected metabolic diseases between male and female respondents – – – — – – – — – –
Table 4: frequency distribution of the different feeding and life style of the respondents
Table 5: frequency distribution of the different anthropometric indices classes among respondents – – – – – – – – – –
Table 6: comparison of the male mean values of age, BMI, WHR, FBS some parameters of Lipid profiles, systolic, diastolic and dietary scores to those of females. – –
Table 7: comparison of mean values of age, BMI, WHR, FBS some parameters of Lipid profiles, systolic, diastolic and dietary scores across profession. – – –
Table 8: comparison of t mean values of age, BMI, WHR, FBS some parameters of Lipid profiles, systolic, diastolic and dietary scores across age category.         –          –          –