PROMOTING NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH PUBLIC POLICY MAKING AND IMPLEMENTATION (A CASE STUDY OF CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, UYO)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
- General introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 The statement of problem
1.3 The objectives of the study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Significant of the study
1.6 Scope/Limitation of the study
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- Introduction
2.1 The concept of public policy
2.2 Concept of public policy making
2.3 Concept of National development
2.4 Factors influencing public policy making
2.5 NEED FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
2.6 Causes of poor National development
2.7 Role of public policy making and implementation on National development
2.8 Functions of public policy making
2.9 Ways to achieve enhanced effectiveness in public policy implementation in Nigeria
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
- Introduction
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Areas of the study
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sample and sampling techniques
3.5 Instrumentation
3.6 Plan for Data analysis
3.7 Problems of data collection
3.8 Sampling percentage method
3.9 Data presentation and analysis techniques
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULT
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Presentation and analysis of Data
4.2 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 Summary
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendation
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
In every society, there must exist some problems. The problem could be in the area of polities, commerce, education, agriculture, communication, housing, transportation, health etc. In order to solve the problems as they exist at a given point in time, Government is always seen providing civil service in response to the existing problems and in order to enhance growth national development and the well being of the people (citizen).
This is necessary because of attempts are not made to address this problems as theY arise, they may generate into uncontrollable stages with the society’s social economic growth and development endangered. (Okole and Ona 2009). For this, the role of civil service is usually very pervasive and dominated particularly in developing nation like Nigeria will a very weak private sector (Ikelebe 2012).
For instance, it is the role of civil service that determine the development and the level of provision of service for economic activities, the level of industrialization, the level of security, Attainment of education, employment opportunity, the availability of health facilities, the level of social and economic inequality etc. Fundamentally, a civil service is a Government organ at achieving certain desired goals or objectives (Ikelogbe 2010). In the presence of a given societal problem, public polity guides and determines present and future public decisions as well as private individual or private business institutional actions, decisions or behavior. According Aba (2010) civil service roles are made or determined by the legislative and executive arms of Government in both federal state, and local tiers of government. and implemented by the public bureaucracy or designated private institution. Indeed, every country of world. Public polices are implemented primary by the public bureaucracy and specifically by the career civil servant that work in them.
This role the public bureaucracy plays through the effective implementation of government polices, projects and programme aimed at achieving development goals and objectives.
1.1Â Need of the Study
- Financial Reform: in the wake of the global financial crises, government are proposing and implementing an extensive series of regulations to reform the financial sector. These include new requirement for capital reserves and transparency and for risk management. They also grant significant new inspection and enforcement power to regulatory bodies.
- Economic Recovery: the government could like to stimulate economic recovery by mobilizing investment in the real economy. Ukpere (2011:112),with public spending constrained, and many banks still in the process of rebuilding their balance sheets. Governments are looking at investor as a potential source of long term finance for example with regard to infrastructure and low carbon innovation.
- Pattern of Government Decision and Actions: to resolve public problem by serving the public interest.
- Sustainability: environment, social and government factors climate change, energy, security, human rights, income inequality, international development and water stress are having an increasing impact on the ability of investor to deliver long term returns, Onah (2002) the solution to these rely on resolving both the market and the policy failures at the heart of these problem.
Above all, the need of the study is to promote national development through public policy making and implementation for a better dissemination on the political and economic reforms in developing countries like Nigeria to assist reformers to maneuver within the challenges of the environment context.
1.1 Background of the Study           Â
In every contemporary world of today, the problem of transacting plans, polices, legislative, executive and judicial order into a concrete action that will lead to the realization of the planned objectives and consequently to national development which will has become increasingly challenging and difficult. Making many development initiative of many nations unrealistic.
These challenges which has be divided many nations across the globe has become increasingly worrisome in the development nations.
According to Theodoulou and Refins (2004:12) put it has the stage in the policy process where by policy action occur to address and recognize national problem or needs: at this stage the design of public policy proposal is put into effect and executed by respective government agencies.
Selected instrument are applied in effective of the legislative mandate. Bureaucracy and interpretation is carried out and the specific targeted population experience the effect of the tangible the public policy implementation leading to national development.
Wayne Y. (2014) Suggest that without policy implementation, problem and need will not be solve and the objective for which the policy was initiated will not be realized. Meaning that no development can occur.
National development is refers to a the ability of a nation state to improve the social welfare, technology, and economic status of its citizens.
This is mostly achieve by the provision of the basic social and technological in fractures, like quality education, portable water, different transportation system sound medical care as it is measured by the above factor that their ability to solve existing problem of the society.
This has been the reason low and high level of development experience in many nations today while countries initiate and implement their development policies others initiate but do not implement them.
For instance, while it is stated that 90 percent of polices made in developed world, Example Japan are fully implemented in contract about 90 Percent of polices made in developing world, Example Nigeria are not fully implement.
Oluwatoyin (2011:20) This is due to inadequate finance, lack of continuity due to change of polices. Poor policies evaluation, lack of local people involvement, negative political disposition toward polices and corruption.
As the result, even if sound policies are made in most of this countries, no meaningful development is achieved, due to poor implementation.
In an attempt to measure the relevant of public policy making and implementation to national development a comparative study of two nation Nigeria as a developing nation and Japan as a developed nation will be under taking.
According to Tolu O. (2006:34) the importance of the comparative and the anatiticial approach stem from the fact that Japan has being able to attain miraculous success in the history of world development within the shortage possible time and this is generally attributed to the high level of efficiency with which the implementation it policy through public policy.
Again the railway system of Japan being one of the best railway in the world also strengthened the reason for the choice of Japan. Its railway has the reason policy implementation has become a major problem to the developing nations including Nigeria.
This is especially Judging from the fact that Nigeria railway system has been sorry situation for many years with the number of abandoned implemented policies.
Therefore, an examination of various railway policies in Nigeria and Japan will be appropriate in an attempt toward showing role of public policy implementation to national development and making recommendations on the best approach in an effort to enhance development in Nigeria.
Therefore, the need of this study is to promote national development through public policy making and implementation in Nigeria with the following reasons
- For Financial Reform: in the wake of the global financial crisis, government are proposing and implementing an extensive series of regulations to reform the financial sector. These include new requirement for capital reveres and transparency and for risk management. The also grant significant new inspection and enforcement power to regulatory bodies.
- For Economic Recovery: the government could like to stimulate economic recovery by mobilizing investment in the real economy. Ukpere (2011:112) put it that, with public spending constrained, and many banks still in the process of rebuilding their balance sheets, government are looking at investor as a potential sources of long term finance. For example with regard to infrastructures and low carbon innovation.
- Pattern of Government Decision and Actions: to resolve public problem by serving the public interest.
- Sustainability: environment, social and government factors climate change, energy, security, human rights, income inequality, international development and water stress are having an increasing impact on the ability of investor to deliver long term returns, Onah (2002) the solutions to these rely on resolving both the market and the policy failures at the heart of these problems.
Above all, for a better dissemination on the political and economic reforms in developing countries like Nigeria to assist the reformers for manocuvie within the challenges of the environment context.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMÂ
Most developing countries face challenges of policy implementation. In Nigeria, the policies do exist, but the issues of implementation remains the major problem. This has in number of ways deterred and slow down development effort in Nigeria as an emerging nation. It is therefore, against this book drop that this research intends to investigate the relationship between policy implementation and national development using civil service commission as the case study.
This research also intended to find out the major factors militating against the policy implementation and how it affects national development.
It has been observed the policies implementation often turns out to be the graveyard of the policy where the intentions of the designers of the policies are undermined by a constellation powerful forces of politics and administration cooperation with people, as such this research intend to bring to bear why this has been happening to the subject little attentions is paid to the subject of policy implementation by the policy decision makers and some taken for granted.
This research work also investigates other variables responsible for the poor implementation of policies in Nigeria, such variables which: lack of finances, lack of continuity or political instability, corruption, bad leadership etc.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The promoting of national development through public policy making and implementation is such as interesting subject or study. It is believed that the outcome of this research work will be of interest to the civil service commission to showcase the need for public policy making and implementation which could be a prerequisite for the public policy making and implementation, that will enhance an efficient national development.
It will provide the knowledge in some of the major challenges facing public policy implementation. This research will also serve as a vital material to those who may also want to carry out further research work in this regard
Furthermore, it look at government bureaucracy in a democratic society, how does one efficiently get from the declaration of a policy to its implementation of policy has been a low priority for our political officials.
This study also promote national developmentation through public policy making and implementation for a better dissemination on the political and economic reforms in developing countries like Nigeria to assist reformers to maneuver within the challenges of the environmental.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTION
- What are the important of public policy making and its effects on the national development?
- What are the factors hindering the successful implementation of policy making in Nigeria?
- What are the implications of this poor implementation on national development?
- What are the strategies and factors responsible for the success of policies implementation?
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research focus on promoting national development through public making and implementation which was limited to civil service commission alone
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
- Implementation: it is a method of design fording something as such, implementation can be said to be the process of carryout or executing plan. And also, it is the action that must be follow any preliminary thinking in order for something happen.
- Policy: policy is a government program of action or guideline that seeks to realize what government chooses to do. It s a guidelines set by the government in how to solve any problem or need in the society.
- National development: national development refers to as a continuous improvement of social, economic, educational, political, technological, and cultural aspects and ability of the people and the entire nation in meeting their need and solving their problems as a nation. It can also be defined as the process of attainment of certain level of economic development.
- Policy implementation: this is the process or the concrete act of the carrying out some actions in order to put effect on those decision and policies needed by the government. It is the realistic activities of putting policies into concrete actions by converting the media policies, law, and orders into tangible realistic.
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PROMOTING NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH PUBLIC POLICY MAKING AND IMPLEMENTATION (A CASE STUDY OF CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, UYO)
