PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF CASHEW NUT
ABSTRACT
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This study investigated the proximate composition of cashew nut. The cashew seeds were harvested and the shell removed with a knife. The nut was evaluated for its physiochemical characteristics (proximate). The proximate composition in (%) was as follows: moisture (6.00%), Ash (3.00%), crude fibre (0.16%), crude fat (33.4%), protein (8.87%), carbohydrate (48.57%) by difference. It is obvious from the result that cashew nut is a good source of minerals protein and fat it is adviceable that people should take it as food supplement.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page                                                                       i
Certification                                                                   ii
Dedication                                                                      iii
Acknowledgement                                                          iv
Abstract                                                                         v
Table of contents                                                           vi
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0Â INTRODUCTION Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1Â Â Â Â
1.1     Aim and objective                                                  4
1.2     Statement of study                                                        4
1.3     Limitation of study                                                4
1.4     Significant of study                                                5
CHAPTER TWO
2.0Â Â Â Â LITERATURE REVIEW Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 6
2.1     Brief history of cashew                                          6
2.2     Nutritive value/composition                                 8
2.2.1       Protein contents                                                10
2.2.2       Carbohydrate content                                       12
2.2.3       Fatty acid composition                                      12
2.2.4       Vitamin content                                                 15
2.2.5       Vitamin d traces                                                16
2.2.6       Mineral content                                                 17
2.3     Photochemical analysis of cashew nut                  19
2.3.1 Test for tannins                                                    21
2.3.2 Test for saponnins                                                21
2.3.3 Test for flavonoids                                         21
2.3.4 Test for alkaloids                                                  21
2.4  Medical values of cashew nut                               22
2.4.1       Diabetes                                                             22
2.4.2       Gallstones                                                          23
2.4.3       Dental health                                                     23
2.4.4       Magnesium                                                        24
2.4.5       Cardiovascular and circulatory health             24
2.5 industrial application of cashew nut                      24
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CHAPTER THREE
3.0Â Â Â Â MATERIALS AND METHODS Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 27
3.1     Materials                                                                27
3.1.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Equipment/apparatus used for this study are:27
3.1.2       Chemicals, solvents and reagents                     28
3.2     Method                                                                   29
3.2.1Moisture content                                                   29
3.2.2Ash content                                                    30
3.2.3Crude fibre                                                             31
3.2.4Protein content                                                      33
3.2.5Fat content (lipid – fat and oil)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 35
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Â Â Â Â RESULTSÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 37
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0     Discussion, conclusion, and recommendation               38
5.1  Discussion                                                            38
5.2 Conclusion                                                              39
5.3  Recommendation                                                   40
References                                                                     41
Appendix                                                                        43
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0Â INTRODUCTION
The cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) produces nuts, the kernels of which have increased considerably in economic importance over the past few decades. Indigenous to Brazil, the cashew was taken to West Africa, East Africa and India by the Portuguese in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was noticed that the tree grew well on poor sandy soils along the coastal belt and was used by the portages in Africa as an anti-soil erosion measure. The tree prospered and spread naturally, particularly in East Africa and India and the progeny of these wild cashew has formed the basic of the raw material for the cashew industry. Though the plant was primarily intended for checking soil erosion, it is now mainly grown for its commercially important kernel and shell oil (Aiyadurai, 1963).
After the war in 1945, world production and consumption of cashew nut increased sharply and it soon became the world’s most important desert nut after almonds. World consumption of cashew nuts has been increasing steadily from 125,000 tons in 1955 to 1,000,000 tons in 1995 and is estimated to be around 1,260,000 tons by the year 2005 (Ohler, 1979). The production of cashew nuts has also kept pace with demand in Europe and Africa and the increase in production has been achieved mainly through extension of the area under the crop. Production of cashew nut in India, however, is far short of the capacity of the existing processing industries and consequently, the cashew industry in India has been stagnant for the past two decades. To increase yields, improved planting material and better crop management practices will have to be given some attention (Russel, 1979).
Others countries in South East Asia and the pacific region including many island in Indonesia where the cashew nut as well as the cashew apple are appreciated. In Malaysia where its suitability for cultivation has been shown and the Philippines where its economic potential has been shown and the philippines where its economic potential has yet to be exploited are some of the new areas with future potential although labour requirements seem to be prohibitive, especially in Australia where conditions also appear suitable for its cultivation.
Trends in production of cashew are also related to consumption and these in turn will depend on the world economic situation. With the increase in the standard of living in developing countries, a large consumer market is developing, especially in cashew producing countries (Ohler, 1979). There is also the need to explore the possibility of wider dietary utilization of the oil obtained from the shell during processing of raw nuts, which is also a potential exportable production.
1.5Â Â Â Â AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To determine the proximate analysis of cashew nut
1.6Â Â Â Â STATEMENT OF STUDY
Cashew nut is an important fruit which cures various diseases and add nutritive value in human diet. when carrying the practical in the laboratory the cashew nut should be properly analysed so as to obtain a maximum percentage (%) needed in human diet and for the proper growth of the body.
1.7Â Â Â Â LIMITATION OF STUDY
The determination of the proximate analysis of cashew nut in the chemistry laboratory was limited to various percentage composition due to its nutritive value and medicinal important.
1.8Â Â Â Â SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY
The cashew nut is important in human diet because it contains a lot of nutrient which is good to the body and it cures many diseases in the human body
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