SCHOOL VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS IN CALABAR MUNICIPALITY OF CROSS RIVER STATE

ABSTRACT

The study examined School Variables and academic performance of secondary school students in Biology in Calabar municipality, Cross River State. One theory and relevant literature was reviewed. Four null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Ex-post facto design was used as the research design. A 15-item questionnaire was used for data collection and to measure students’ academic performance. All the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance at varied degrees of freedom. The result showed that school variable has impacted positively on academic performance of secondary school students in biology. Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, it was recommended that school variable enhances students’ academic performance in school. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE                                                                          i

CERTIFICATION                                                                   ii

DECLARATION                                                                     iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT                                                       iv

ABSTRACT                                                                            vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                        vii

LIST OF TABLES                                                                  xi      

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the study                                                         1

1.2     Theoretical framework                                                   5

1.3     Statement of the problem                                              6

1.4     Purpose of the study                                                      7

1.5     Research questions                                                                  8

1.6     Research hypothesis                                                                8

1.7     Assumptions of the study                                                       9

1.8     Significance of the study                                                         10

1.9     Limitation of the study                                                            11

1.10   Delimitation                                                                            11

1.11   Definition of terms                                                                  12

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Teacher-students relationship and academic

performance of students in Biology                                        14

2.2     Students-students relationship and academic

performance in Biology                                                           17

2.3     Teachers’ qualification and students’ academic

performance in Biology                                                           18

2.4     Availability of facilities and student’s academic

performance in biology                                                           21

2.5     Summary of literature review                                                  22

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1     Research design                                                                       25

3.2     Research area                                                                          26

3.3     Population of the study                                                           27

3.4     Sampling techniques                                                               27

3.5     Sample                                                                                    28

3.6     Instrumentation                                                                       29

3.6.1  Validity of instrument                                                             30

3.6.2  Reliability of instrument                                                                   30

3.7     Procedure for data collection                                                   31

3.8     Data preparation/scoring                                                        32

3.9     Procedure for data analysis                                                     33

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION

• Presentation and interpretation of results                                    36

4.2    Summary of findings                                                               45

4.3     Discussion                                                                               45

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1     Summary of the study                                                             50

5.2     Conclusion                                                                              52

5.3     Recommendation                                                                     53

5.4     Suggestions for further studies                                                         54

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

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