TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iii
Certification – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgements – – – – – – – v
Table of Contents – – – – – – vi
List of Tables – – – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem – – – – – 4
1.3 Purpose of the Study – – – – – 5
1.4 Research Questions – – – – – – 5
1.5 Research Hypotheses – – – – – 6
1.6 Significance of the Study – – – – – 6
1.7 Delimitations of the Study – – – – – 7
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms – – – – 8
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Theoretical Framework – – – – – 9
2.1.2 Person-Centered Theory – Carl R. Roger 1980 – – 9
2.2 Conceptual Framework – – – – – 10
2.2.1 Somatotypes and Career Choice – – – – 11
2.3 Related Empirical Studies – – – – – 11
2.4 Summary of Related Literature Review – – – 13
14
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – 15
3.2 Area of the Study – – – – – – 15
3.3 Population of the Study – – – – – 17
3.4 Sample and Sampling Techniques – – – – 17
3.5 Research Instrumentation – – – – – 17
3.5.1 Scoring of the Instrument – – – – – 18
3.5.2 Validation of the Instrument – – – – 18
3.5.3 Reliability of the Instrument – – – – 19
3.5.4 Administration of the Instrument – – – – 19
3.6 Method of Data Analysis – – – – – 19
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Research Question 1 – – – – – – 21
Research Question 2 – – – – – – – 22
Research Question 3 – – – – – – – 23
Research Question 4 – – – – – – – 24
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of the Study – – – – – 31
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – 32
5.3 Implications of the Study – – – – – 32
5.4 Recommendations of the Study – – – – 32
5.5 Suggestions for Further Studies – – – – 33
References – – – – – – – 34
Appendix
LIST OF TABLES
Table1: Mean and standard deviation analysis for the
responses on what influence has ectomorph
on career choice of secondary school students
inUyo Local Government Area. – – – 21
Table 2: Mean and standard deviation analysis for the
responses on what influence has orientation
service have on indiscipline. – – – – 22
Table 3: Mean and standard deviation analysis for the
responses on the influence of counselling service
on indiscipline. – – – – – 23
Table 4: Mean and standard deviation analysis for the
responses on the influence of appraisal service on
indiscipline. – – – – – – 24
Table 5: Independent t-test Analysis of the responses of the
influence of information service on indiscipline
secondary school students. – – – – 25
Table 6: Independent t-test Analysis of the responses of
the influence of counselling service on indiscipline
secondary school students. – – – – 26
Table 7: Independent t-test Analysis of the responses
of the influence of orientation service on – – 26
indiscipline secondary school students.
Table 8: Independent t-test Analysis of the responses
of the influence of appraisal service on indiscipline
secondary school students. – – – – 27
ABSTRACT
The study examined counselling services and indiscipline among secondary school students in Onna Local Government Area. To carry out the study, four research questions and four null hypotheses were raised to guide the study.Relevant literature were reviewed to examine the influence of indiscipline and counselling services. A descriptive survey design was adopted investigate the variables under study. The population of the study comprised of all senior secondary school students in Onna Local Government Area. A sample size of 200 respondents were randomly selected for the study. Data was gathered through researcher’s developed questionnaire and analyzed using an independent t-test statistic. All the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance and they were all rejected. The results revealed a significant influence of information service, counselling service, orientation service and appraisal service on indiscipline among secondary school students in Onna Local Government Area.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Career selection is one of the important issues in student’s plans. Choice of career decision will have will have impact on the student throughout their lives. The essence of who the student is will revolve around what the students wants to do with his or her choice career. The oxford advanced learners’ dictionary, 6th edition of current English defined choice as the right to choose or the possibility of choosing and also defined career as a job or profession especially one with opportunities for promotion. Career is the course of events that constitute a life, the sequence of occupations and other life roles which combine to express one’s commitment to work in his or her total pattern of self -development.
The innovative aspect of the new secondary educational program is the importance attached to guidance services. Every day, every one of us encounters life situations, which call for thought, opinion making, decision making and action. Some of our experiences are familiar, some novel, some are casual, some of extreme importance. Everything we do, every decision we make and course of action we take is based on our self-belief, attitude and values. Students do ponder over what and how to think, believe and behave so often what goes on in the classroom is irrelevant and at variance with the real things that are going on around the students’ lives, including daily encounter with friends with strangers, with peers, with authority figures, the social and academic tasks that display their egos.
Somatotypes are a set of generalized body types namely ectomorph, mesomorph and endomorph. Psychologist William Sheldon came up with somatotypes in the 1940s as one of the biological theories developed in this time.It was on that that attempt to explain and predict crime based on a person’s body type. These body types broke down into three categories: ectomorphs, endomorphs, and mesomorphs.
Sheldon developed these categories based on existing knowledge at the time of how embryos develop in layers, namely the inner layer, or the endoderm; the middle layer or the mesoderm; and the outer layer, or the ectoderm. Generally speaking, ectomorphs are thin and slender and may appear fragile, endomorphs are round and solid and often appear overweight, and mesomorphs tend to have developed muscles and appear strong and powerful.
Sheldon examined a group of 200 young men who were referred to a community center focused on helping young male delinquents. During a 10-year period, he compared these individuals to a group of 200 non-delinquent college students, ranking individuals in the study according to their body type. He found that many of the juvenile delinquent men had mesomorphic body types, whereas most of the college students had ectomorphic body types. He also noted specific behavioral and personality traits associated with a predominance of each body type.
Ectcmorphtend to be very thin and fragile, often appearing delicate. This individual would have a small face, a petite nose, and finely textured hair. The temperament Sheldon associated with this body type is considered cerebrotonic: someone who is introverted, suffers from allergies or skin maladies, is often tired or fatigued, is highly sensitive to distractions and noise, and tends to shrink away from large crowds.
Endomorphs are quite the opposite of their frail associates. They tend to be pudgy and round with a tendency to gain weight easily. Their skin would be very smooth and their arms and legs somewhat short for their build. The temperament Sheldon associated with endomorphic individuals is referred to as viscerotonic, or those who are easygoing and comfortable with themselves, who enjoy luxurious things, and who are extroverted and outgoing.
Mesomorph the third and final body type, the mesomorph, is muscular and dense with a long torso. Mesomorphs also tend to have large wrists and hands. The temperament associated with mesomorphs is called somotonic, which means these individuals are active, dynamic, and assertive with a tendency toward aggression. This research will study the influence of somatotype on career choice of secondary school students in Uyo Local Government Area.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Career preference has to do with individual choice of career and can be influenced by a number of factors and somatotypes is one of them. Career preference has to do with what career an individual chooses. Different careers require different body build up and in our society to some jobs are specifically meant for well-built bodied men (mesomorph) while others are meant for low-built bodied men (ectomorph). There is a need for this body types to be studied as one of the influences on career choice of students.
It is the job of counsellors in schools to guide students to choose careers that are in line with their strengths. Guidance and counselling in Nigeria has not been whole embraced as some school administrators do not yet see the need for guidance and counselling in their school and as a result of this, guidance and counselling has not been able to achieve its goals and aims. There is a need for research to be organized on the influence of guidance and counselling on career choice among students.
Somatotypes have not been considered as one of the factors that can affect career choice, but they do. The body build or type of an individual may unconsciously drive him or her towards a particular career and out of another. For instance, and ectomorph who is an individual with a small body muscular structure will not want a career that involves lifting or moving heavy materials. From this we see that body build (somatotype) influences career choice among students. It is as a result of this, that the researcher wants to study somatotypes and career choice among secondary school students in Uyo Local Government Area.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of somatotypes on career choice of secondary school students in Uyo Local Government Are. Specifically, the study sought to;
Find outhow ectomorph influences career choice of secondary school students in Uyo Local Government Area.
Find out how endomorph influences career choice of secondary school students in UyoLocal Government Area.
Find out how mesomorph influences career choice of secondary school students in Uyo Local Government Area.
To find out how the combine effect of somatotypes influence career choice of students in Uyo Local Government Area.
