STUDIES ON THE ABSORPTION RATE FROM SEDIMENT TO WATER OF CERTAIN HEAVY METALS FROM FRESH WATER SEGMENT OF QUA IBOE RIVER

ABSTRACT

The fresh water segment of the Qua Iboe River System is perturbed by both within the system and Drainage Basin Perturbation. The Drainage Basin pertubation includes farming, deforestation, heavy vehicular traffic, domestic effluents, gully erosion, urban runoffs, bank clear cutting and grazing by cattle. Using standard analytical method, the absorption rate of metals analyzed revealed non – alarming status and they followed the sequence Fe (0.8) > Ni (0.23) > Co (0.02) > Zn (0.01) > Cd (0.001±0.001) >Pb (Nil). The concentration of metals in the sediment were higher than those obtained for water and Pb was completely absent in both sediment and water samples. Proper administrative and legislative measures should be applied to protect the River System from possible increased pollution.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENTS                                                                         PAGE

Title Page    –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        i

Certification         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        ii

Dedication –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        iii

Acknowledgements        –        –        –        –        –        –        iv

Abstract      –                  –        –        –        –        –        –        v

Table of Contents –        –        –        –        –        –        –        vi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the study

1.2     Aim and Objectives of the Study

1.3     Scope and Limitation

1.4     Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     ECOLOGICAL IMORTANCE OF SEDIMENTS/SOILS

2.1.1  Construction material

2.1.2  Energy production

2.1.3  Food source

2.1.4  Navigation and transport

2.1.5  Political borders

2.1.6  Sacred rivers

2.2     ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF WATER

2.2.1  Agriculture

2.2.2  As a Scientific Method

2.2.3  For drinking

2.2.4  For washing

2.2.5  Chemical Uses

2.2.5 Heat exchange

2.3     PERTUBATION ON FRESH WATER

2.3.1  Temperature

2.3.2  pH

2.1.3  Dissolved Oxygen

2.4     ROLES OF HEAVY METALS

2.4.1  Zinc (Zn)

2.4.2  Iron (Fe)

2.4.3  Nickel (Ni)

2.4.4  Cobalt (Co)

2.4.5  Lead (Pb)

2.4.6  Copper (Cu)

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.0     MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1      Materials

3.2      kv

3.2.1  Study Area

3.2.2 Collection of Samples

3.2.3 LABORATORY ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Result

4.2 Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1     Conclusion

5.2     Recommendations

References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to Olatunyi and Osibanjo (2012), water quality is fundamental to the health and sustenance of aquatic ecosystems and hydrology. The benefits of renewable fresh water to humans include water for drinking, irrigation, industrial uses, production of fish, and for such in – stream uses as recreation, transportation and waste disposal. Water also plays a major role in the cycling of materials and can be a vector if it’s becomes a source that spreads harmful substances and diseases (Olatunyi and Osibanjo, 2012). Rivers and lakes are widely utilized by mankind over the centuries to the extent that very few, if any, are now in a natural condition (Ambedkar and Muniyan, 2012). One of the most significant man – made changes has been addition of chemicals, containing a lot of heavy metals, to the waters. Such inputs to water can be derived from a variety of sources, some of them are obvious and others are less so.