TEACHERS PERCEPTION ON THE INFLUENCE OF PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS (A CASE STUDY OF ORUMBA NORTH LGA, ANAMBRA STATE)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Sports started with the beginning of life and it is used for different
purposes in time. Sports are the activities involving power and skills, competition, strategy,
and (or) chance, and engaged in for the enjoyment, satisfaction and (or) personal gain (such as income) of the participant, and (or) others (e.g., spectators),
including organized and recreational sports, as well as sports as entertainment (Öcal, 2006). Sports play very important roles in educational institutions in
virtually all parts of the world, and the contribution of sports to the educational process in institutions cannot be overemphasized (Ongong’a, Okwara, &
Okello, 2010). Engagement in school sports programmes is supposed to promote boys’ and girls’ moral functioning, self-discipline, ability to work with
others, and capacity to compete and effectively cope with success as well as failure (Mahoney, Eccles, & Larson, 2005). There are those who argue for
reduction of opportunities for physical activity or sports within a youngster’s day (particularly during her/his school day) because the academic progress of
girls and boys is reduced when children or adolescents spend more time in sporting activities (Lindner, 1999; Shephard, 1997). Evidence suggests that sports
participation does not necessarily diminish academic performance and is sometimes associated with greater academic achievement or performance
(Lindner, 1999; Shephard, 1997). It has also been suggested that any positive interdependence between sports or physical activity engagement and academic
accomplishment is probably as a result of the indirect eects
of participation on young people’s self esteem and physical health (Barnett, Smoll, & Smith, 1992; Tremblay, Inman, & Williams, 2000; Whitehead & Corbin, 1997). The word academic has to do with school or college studies or learning, in other words it
designates the intellectual aspect of education particularly the final subjects that deal with organized knowledge (Hornby, 1991). Academic performance
refers to the performance that falls within a specified standard. The specified standard is usually called a pass mark and the pass mark is a score above
average which students are considered having passed and below which students are considered having failed (Tope, 2011). Academic performance has been
described as the scholastic standing of a student at a given moment. This scholastic standing could be explained in terms of the grades obtained in a course or groups of courses (Adeyemi, 2011)
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TEACHERS PERCEPTION ON THE INFLUENCE OF PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS (A CASE STUDY OF ORUMBA NORTH LGA, ANAMBRA STATE)
