Abstract
This research work is necessitated by desire to discover the position and role of proper planning on the organisation objectives in the public service in Nigeria. The research is concerned with the determination on how important planning is in management of organization, the benefit and cost of planning. Comparing certain activities in public and private organizations using Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri as a case study. Questionnaires and interviews were issued to gather data for the analysis and statistical analytical methods such as tables, ratio, percentage and pie charts were issued in examining the findings. The analytical methods helped to identify the necessity of planning in these organisational. They assist to draw attention of business organizations to the fact that planning as a management tools is indispensable. They also help to identify such factors that militate against planning such as planning costs, lack of planning experts, time frame, lack of information and cost of executive of such plans. Recommendation should always be reviewed up to data and for them to serve as instruments of management and that variation from planned actions should quickly be corrected.   Â
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
CHAPTER ONE
- Background of the Study                                        1
- Statement of Problem                                     4
- Objectives of the Study                                   6
- Scope and Limitation of Study                                 7
- Significance of Study                                       8
- Research Question                                          8
References 10
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 11
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Historical Development of Planning 12
2.3 The Nature of Planning 13
2.4 Planning Procedure 15
2.5 Types of Planning 19
2.6 Planning and Management by Objective 21
2.7 Barriers to Planning 22
References 24
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology 25
- Research Design 25
- Methods of data collection 26
- Sample Size 27
- Sampling Technique 28
- Data Analysis Techniques 28
References 30
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Presentation and Analysis of Data 31
4.1 Data Presentation 31
4.2 Data Analysis 34
4.3 Research Findings 37
References 38
CHAPTER FIVE
- Summary 39
- Recommendations 40
- Conclusions 42
Bibliography 44
Appendix 46
Questionnaire 47
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, who to do it and how result can be evaluated, Knootz et al (1950).
According to O’ Donnell (1972), Planning is selecting objective and strategies, policies, programmes and procedures for achieving them either for the entire enterprise for any organized part thereof.
For an organisation to remain a float or progress, there is always that need for planning. This is why planning is futuristic because it sets target and strategies to actualize. This involves identification of the problems to be solved, searching for financial and materials resources, methods and strategies to be used and careful systematization of the activities and input or means to achieve the desire purpose, Ogunna (1999). This is a difficult understanding which embodies creativity, intuitive and imaginative ability and analytical initiative.
      Planning is an intellectually demanding of process, it requires the conscious determination of course of action and basing of decisions on purposes knowledge, knowledge and considered estimates in designing a milieu for effective performance of people working collectively in group. The most important task is to see that purposes objectives and methods of attaining them clearly understood if group effort is to be effective, people must know what they are expected to accomplish.  Â
This is the function of planning. It entails selecting of course of action from among courses of actions for organisational objectives and departmental goals and determining ways of achieving them therefore planning involves rational approach to pre-selected objectives, Okoye (1997).
      This following will lay emphasis on how Federal Polytechnic came about.
Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri was established by edict No 16 of 1978. It opened for classes on 15th December of the government trade center along Egbu Owerri with initial of 275 students. In 1980, the college of education as was its name then was later changed to Polytechnic Nekede Owerri.
In 1987 by the edict No 6 of 1987 was further renamed Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri by Federal Amendment of decree 1993 of 1st January 1993.
Its motto knowledge and skill for service which has been deriving of the polytechnic has been demonstrated by the quality of graduates and professional that the school has produced over the years. The polytechnic offers full and part-time National Diploma (ND), Higher National Diploma (HND) and certificate programme.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It is not doubt that planning which is one and the first function of management play an important role in achieving any organizational objective
It also a fact that effective and proper planning is faced with some problems such as:
