THE EFFECTS OF TRAINING AND MOTIVATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of training and motivation on organizational productivity, to investigate the factors that militate against training and motivation in organizations leading to increased productivity.  The study was put together utilizing existing related literatures on training and motivation of human resources in organizations.  Raw data were collected through questionnaires and oral interview; analyzed through statistical tool chi-square, to establish relationships, which formed the basis on which the researcher accepted or rejected the hypothesis.  The major findings of the study were: (1) That manpower training and motivational practices are essential planning strategies of any organization that desires to meet the challenges posed by changes in economic, technological trend in the society.  (2) Properly organized and implemented training and motivational practices of human resources in organizations promote increased productivity.  (3)  That a properly organized and implemented motivational practice should be adequately compensating and made flexible so that employee’s pay and financial rewards are open to some measure of review in line with current inflation rate in the country.   (4) That training and motivational in organizations bring about operational efficiency and excellent competitive advantage and promotes good labour-management relationship. (5) That where adequate training and motivation is instituted on organizations, both the employers and employees benefit greatly.  It was concluded that: (1) Training and motivation of employees is a viable and veritable means of achieving improvement in the level of organizational productivity. (2) For Training and Motivational practices instituted by organizations to be successful, it must be well thought out, properly organized and implemented, and of course, adequately financed. (3) The workers must see the entire process of Training and Motivation to be free and fair.  It was recommended that (1) Organizations should update Manpower Training and Motivational practices in order to keep their employees abreast of modern technology in vogue, which shall in a great way boost the organizational productivity. (2) Training programmes should be conducted regularly by organizations.  (3) Organizations should pay their employee commensurately to attract additional efforts and increased productivity.  (4) Adequate funds should be made available for Training and Motivational practices of Human Resources in organizations so as to determine high level of their success. 

LIST OF TABLES

Page

4.1     Training Programme for Employees                                       55

4.2     Formal Training for Employees                                                        56

4.3     How Often Training is Organized                                            57

4.4     Effect of Training on Performance                                          58

4.5     Impact of Level of Funding on Training                                  59

4.6     The Impact of Motivation                                                       60

4.7     Effect of Motivation on Training                                             61

4.8     Effect of Training on Productivity                                           62

4.9     Effects of Relationship at the Work Place                               63

4.10   Impact of Relationship at Work on Productivity                    64

4.11   To Determine if Behaviour can be Facilitated                         65

4.12   Impact of Relationship at Work                                                       66

4.13   To Determine How Employees Perceive Promotions

are Effected                                                                             66

4.14   Effect of Financial Rewards                                                    67

4.15   Employee Perception of their Rewards                                   67

4.16   Impact of Training and Motivational Practices                       69

5.1     Organization                                                                            71

5.2     Statistical Table                                                                       73

5.3     Organization                                                                            74

5.4     Statistical Table                                                                       75

5.5     Organization                                                                            76

5.6     Statistical Table                                                                       78


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page                                                                                          ii

Dedication                                                                                         iii

Certification                                                                                                iv

Acknowledgement                                                                                      v

Abstract                                                                                            vi

List of Tables                                                                                    vii

CHAPTER ONE:   INTRODUCTION                                          1

1.1     Background of the Study                                                                  1

1.2     Statement of the Problem                                                                  3

1.3     Research Hypothesis                                                               4

1.4     Background Information on Study Area                                 5

1.5     Purpose of the Study                                                               9

1.6     Scope of the Study                                                                            10

1.7     Significance of the Study                                                                  10

1.8     Limitation of the Study                                                           11

1.9     Definitions Of Terms                                                               12     

CHAPTER TWO:  LITERATURE REVIEW                               14

2.1     Concept of Training and Development                                   14

2.1.1  The Impact of Training in Organizational Productivity           15

2.1.2  Problems that Hinder Effective Utilization of

Trained Manpower                                                                           33

2.2     The Concept of Motivation                                                     34

2.2.1  The Theories of Motivation                                                     35

2.2.2  The Impact of Motivational Practices on Organizational

Productivity                                                                                      44

2.3     The Concept of Productivity                                                   47

2.3.1  Productivity as a Measure of Economic Performance             47

CHAPTER THREE:  RESEARCH DESIGN AND

METHODOLOGY                                   51

3.1     Design of the Study                                                                 51

3.2     Area of Study                                                                          51

3.3     Population of the Study                                                          51

3.4     Sample Size                                                                                      52

3.5     Sources of Data                                                                       53

3.6     Validation of the Instrument                                                   54

CHAPTER FOUR:  PRESENTATION OF DATA AND

ANALYSIS                                                         55

4.1     Data Presentation                                                                    55

4.2     Analysis of Data                                                                     69

4.3     Test of Hypothesis                                                                            71

CHAPTER FIVE:  SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS,

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION           79

5.1     Summary of Findings                                                              79

5.2     Conclusion                                                                              81

5.3     Recommendation                                                                     81

5.4     Suggestions for Further Research                                            82

Bibliography                                                                           83

Appendices                                                                             87

CHAPTER ONE

  1.                                   INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

The relevance of training and motivation of manpower in industries is enormous and should be assessed with the view to proffering possible suggestions of improving organizational productivity.  

According to Lipsey (1989:20), economic growth is a reflection of growth of firms, industries and the local economies.  Therefore, the ultimate aim of any economic system is to satisfy the material needs and wants of its members by providing them with a supply of goods and services to consume.  Modern growth theory begins from the obvious starting point that to produce goods, one must employ labour on the one hand, and capital goods on the other.

Ugbam (2001:1) defined management as the effective and efficient allocation of the limited resources of an organization to achieve the predetermined objectives of such organization.  An organization can remain relevant and meaningfully competitive in the market only if it has quality manpower, which is able to formulate policies and programmes for the firm with market opportunities and organizational resources.  Many organizations have gone out of existence (i.e. to extinction) not because of lack of manpower but rather, as a result of the lack of systematic manpower training, development and motivational practices.

Viteless (1953:8) observed that globally, people are increasingly having less commitment to their jobs.  Workers no longer make full use of their capacities in maintaining and raising production standards and this has led to production decline, which has been attributed more to motivational than to technological or economic factors.  Low productivity has been an issue for concern since the colonial era and in the present economic dispensation, the need for an efficient, dedicated and productive workforce cannot be over-emphasized.  This has prompted the government, academics and other groups to organize seminars, lectures, and workshops on productivity.

Ejimofor, (1984:9) in emphasizing the importance of motivation and training stated that no matter how good or efficient an organization is, nothing happens until the people who constitute same are well trained and motivated to perform.  All other things being equal, then if an employee is not given continuous training and is poorly motivated, his performance will be low.

Despite the importance of manpower training and motivational practices to the success of many organizations, it does appear that some organizations remain to treat this issue with the seriousness it calls for.

As Seidmann (1990:41) puts it “Not only must manpower be available, but it must have acquired skills necessary to operate complex modern industrial and agricultural machinery and techniques”.  Most modern industries do not think in terms of motivating its workers; this has really affected the productive level of the organization.

Therefore, the general trend in present day Nigeria though, unfortunately, is that most employees render services that do not justify their pay i.e. exhibiting dysfunctional tendencies such as absenteeism, lateness, tardiness, turnover and organizational sabotage.  Some even go to the extent of forging sick leave papers.  If the employee should be at his place of work and do productive work, if well trained and motivated, then this will go along way in improving the productivity level of the organization, if not, it will lead to low productivity. 

It is against this background that the researcher deemed it necessary to have an in-depth search on the relevance of training and motivation of manpower in industries with the view to proffering possible suggestions of improving organizational productivity.  

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

THE EFFECTS OF TRAINING AND MOTIVATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY