CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Human beings engage in various works in order to satisfy their wants. In producing human wants (goods and services) land, labour, capital and entrepreneur are utilized, for this purpose labour being the most dynamic factor of production, combines with the other factors to produce goods and services for consumption of full utilized. If labour is unutilized, or underutilized then there will be unemployment in the society. Unemployment as the name implies get its origin from the word employment. Unemployment is traceable Research Methodology to the period of industrialization which brought higher standard of living than had ever previously been enjoyed. Before this period the people of the primitive community were usually self sufficient and had no unemployment problems, though they had no accept a very low standard of living. Than production was through manual effort.
Jesseful (1994) in the Nigerian journal of economic and social studies said that “some unemployment started with the introduction of money market by the colonial master to substitute or after the subsistence economy which our people were conversant with. Wage earning employment was then introduced by the colonial master in their bid to add Nigeria raw material for export where they are sold at profitable price. The civil war period provided job for many in the armed forces, but the magnitude of the unemployment increase after civil war, because of the effect that majority of the unemployed are young workers entering the labour market for the first time after receiving education. To pursue their aspiration and value, they did not have enough education and practical training to provide them with “skills” these school leavers prefer white caller job to farming. The government could not employ someone because of lack of job opportunity while the population of the working force was increasing; there was no commeasure increase in the job creation. According to Oduniyi (1985) unemployment rate in December (1985) was 9.8 percent in Nigeria while Bendel state now Edo state and delta state urban area 15.14 percent and the rural area has 7.2 percent unemployment rate respectively.
Former president of Nigeria association of chambers of commence industries mines and agriculture and chief Adeyemi once said that “the problem of graduate unemployment in the country can be traced to wrong educational and economic policy” Our educational policy is such that our institutions of higher learning produce graduates in liberal arts and social scientist in high numbers more than any other discipline. By 1972 when free education at all level was introduced there was increased in graduate and school leavers in the state without a corresponding increase.
