THE PROBLEM OF SCARCITY OF WATER BY CARRYING OUT SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF VOLUME OF WATER IN LITERS CONSUMED BY THE UNIVERSITY PER DAY (MAIN CAMPUS)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The term “Water Tank” generally refers to a distinctive retaining structure where water can be pumped into the tank during periods of low demand and pumped out of the tank into the distributed system during periods of peak demand. The need for a water tank is as old as civilization, to provide storage of water for use in many application, drinking water, irrigation agriculture, fire suppression, agricultural farming, both for plants and livestock, chemical manufacturing, food preparation as well as many other uses. Water tank parameters include the general design of tank, and choice of construction material, linings.
Metal tanks were once proven unhygienic because of its corrosive nature (when not correctly treated-although today there are a great range of metal tanks which are very safe for water storage).
By design a water tank or container should do no harm to the water. Water is susceptible to a number of ambient negative influences, including bacteria, viruses, algae, changes in pH, and accumulation of minerals, accumulated gas. The contamination can come from a variety of origins including piping, tank construction materials, mineral and gas intrusions. A correctly designed water tank works to address and mitigate these negative effects (Wikipedia, 2015).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Most often, scarcity of water appears problematic in the university due to unsustainable management strategies, ignorance of the maximum volume of water an individual, department and faculty uses per day. Continuous usage (turning on and off) which results in the malfunctioning of pump. In order to maintain the efficiency of the pump and sustainable water resources in the university, the author’s research seeks to address the problem of scarcity of water by carrying out survey and analysis of volume of water in liters consumed by the university per day (main campus). And to also evaluate the maximum capacity of storage tank suitable for used to ensure sustainability of water consumption in the institution.
1.3 Objectives of the Project
The aim of this work is to solve the problems associated with scarcity of water in the university (main campus). This is achieved via the following objectives;
- To estimate the daily water demand of Akwa Ibom State University main (campus).
- To determine the capacity of overhead storage tank that will meet the water demand.
- To produce a detailed design of the overhead tank.
1.4 Scope of the Project
The scope of this project is limited to the design of an elevated overhead storage tank capacity of 739580liters, stanchion analysis that will be able to withstand the calculated load of 7969KN and strong enough to transmit the load from the liquid and the structure itself to the ground without subsidence along with a centrifugal pump of 45horse power capable of producing sufficient water to cater for the daily water demand in the AKSU (main campus).
1.5 Expected Benefits of the Project
- This project will enable the university know the maximum capacity of water consumed per day.
- It will also check the collapse of the stanchion through precise calculation and adequate selection of materials to guide against failure.
- This project will be of help to private individuals, government and co- operate organizations, where there’s need for sustainability of water
1.6 Structure of the Report
The project consists of five chapters
Chapter One Is an introductory note to reflect the background, statement of the problem, expected benefits, objectives, scope and structure of the project.
Chapter Two of this volume contains an intensive and in-depth review of earlier work done on the design and analysis of water tanks, stanchion and pumps.
Chapter Three described consists of the methods and materials adopted in the study based on existing system assessment analysis for wind pressure, forces acting on the tank and stanchion.
Chapter Four contains illustrative result of survey and discussion on the estimated population of the institution which was used to determine the tank capacity, pump selection, the time it will take to fill the tank for effective water supply and availability to the university which is precisely 2hours 27minutes not forgetting the pump power required to overcome the calculated head.
The last chapter (Five) includes the conclusion, recommendations for this project.
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