ABSTRACT
The leaf extracts of Pinus caribaea and Pentaclethra macrophylla were tested for antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity against the growth of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus using agar dilution method. The results showed that two extracts reduced the growth of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus. Aspergillus flavus was significantly inhibited by the treatment when compared to the control. Further studies should be carried out to know the phytochemicals that are responsible for this antifungal activities.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Abstract v
Table of Content vi
List of Tables viii
List of Plates ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
- Introduction 1
- Colonization of Mycotoxigenic Fungi on Rice Grains 3
1.3 Causes of Aflatoxin growth in stored rice 5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Causes of Aflatoxin Growth in Stored Rice 7
2.2 Site of Infection of Mycotoxin 7
2.3 Aflatoxin Levels in Rice Grains 10
2.4 Management of Mycotoxigenic Fungi Using
Botanical Method 11
2.5 Extraction of Aflatoxin B1 from Aspergillus Flavins
Strains Grown on Rice Grains 14
2.6 Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillins Flavus Isolates
on Rice Grain 15
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Collection of plant materials 17
3.2 Sources of Fungal Pathogen 17
3.3 Preparation of plant extracts 18
3.4 Antifungal activity test 18
3.5 Antimycotoxin/mycotoxin activity test of
Aspergillus flavus 19
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Fungal Strain 20
4.2 Antifungal Activity Test 23
4.3 Antimycotoxin/Mycotoxin Activity Test 23
4.4 Discussion 24
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary 26
5.2 Conclusion 27
REFERENCES 28
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Antifungal activity of Pinus Caribaea and
Pentaclethra Macropylla extracts against
mycotoxigenic fungal strain (Aspergillus flavus) 21
Table 2: Antimycotoxin/mycotoxin activity of PinusCaribaeaand
Pentaclethra Macropylla extracts treatment on aflatoxin production
by Aspergillus flavus 22
LIST OF PLATES
Plate 1: Photomicrography of Aspergillus flavus × 400 showing
its conidia and spores.                                                            20
