Effects Of Nigerian Walnuts-Tetracarpidium Conophorum And ‘Utazi’-Gongronema Latifolium On Blood Lipids, Lipoproteins And Glucose Values In Adult Nigerians

LIST OF TABLES PAGE

2.1.1 Proximate and Mineral Composition of Gongronema latifolium Leaves………..……………..8

2.1.2 Amino Acid Composition of Gongronema latifolium Leaves………………………..………..11

2.1.3 Amino Acid Composition of Gongronema latifolium Leaves Compared With The WHO

“ideal protein”……..……………………………………………………….…………………….12

2.1.4 Fatty acid Composition of Gongronema latifolium Leaves…………………………………..14

2.1.5 Nutritional Value of Gongronema latifolium Leaf…………………………………………….15

2.1.6 Phytochemical Analysis of Gongronema latifolium Leaf……………………….……………….16

2.2.1 Proximate Composition (G/100g, Dry Sample) and Ascorbic Acid Content of Nigerian

Walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum).………………………………………………………21

2.2.2 Heavy Metal Concentration of Tetracarpidium conophorum nut (PPM)………..………..….23

2.2.3 Quantitative Estimates of Phytochemicals of Tetracarpidium conophorum……..……………24

2.11 The International Classification of adult underweight, overweight and obesity according to

BMI ……………………………………………………………………………………………57

4.1 Comparison of the mean + SD of the Anthropometric parameters and blood Glucose values of

Subjects that were not fed with walnuts or utazi (GROUP ONE)…………………………….69

4.2 Comparison of the mean + SD of Lipid and lipoprotein values of the subjects that were not

fed with walnuts or utazi (GROUP ONE)….…………………………………………………..72

4.4 Comparison of the mean + SD of the Anthropometric Parameters and Blood Glucose values

of subjects that were fed with utazi (GROUP TWO)…..…………………………………………..75

4.5 Comparison of the mean + SD of the lipid profile and lipoprotein values of subjects that were

fed with utazi (GROUP TWO)…..…………………………….………………………………77

4.6 Level of statistical significance of the mean + SD of the Anthropometric Parameters, blood

Glucose, Lipids and Lipoprotein values of subjects that were fed with utazi (GROUP

TWO)..…….…………………………………………..………………………………………80

4.7 Comparison of the mean + SD of the Anthropometric parameters and blood Glucose values of

subjects that were fed with utazi and walnuts (GROUP THREE)……………………………82

4.8 Comparison of the mean + SD of the Lipid Profile and Lipoprotein values of subjects that

were fed with utazi and walnuts (GROUP THREE)……………………………………………..85

viii

4.9 Level of statistical significance of the mean+SD value of the Anthropometric Parameters and

blood Glucose, Lipid and Lipoprotein values of subjects that were fed with utazi and walnuts

(GROUP THREE)…………………………………………………………………………………………..88

4.10 Comparison of the mean + SD of the Anthropometric Parameters and Blood Glucose values

of subjects that were fed with walnuts (GROUP FOUR……………………………………………90

4.11 Comparison of the mean + SD of the Lipid and Lipoprotein values of subjects that were fed

with walnuts (GROUP FOUR)…………………………………………………………………..92

4.12 Level of statistical significance of the mean+SD value of the Anthropometric Parameters,

blood Glucose and Lipid Profile of subjects that ate walnuts (GROUP FOUR)……………….95

4.13 Influence of Low normal Baseline value on the mean+SD of the Parameters, blood Glucose,

Lipid and Lipoprotein values of subjects that were not fed with walnuts or utazi (GROUP

ONE)……………………………………………………………..…………………………….97

4.14 Influence of High normal Baseline value in the mean+SD of the Anthropometric Parameters,

blood Glucose, Lipid and Lipoprotein values of subjects that were not fed with walnuts or

utazi (GROUP ONE)…………………………………………..………………………………99

4.15 Influence of low normal Baseline value in the mean+SD of the Anthropometric Parameters,

blood Glucose, Lipid and Lipoprotein values of subjects that were fed With utazi alone

(GROUP TWO)………………………………………………………..…………………….101

4.16 Influence of High normal Baseline value on the mean+SD of the Anthropometric Parameters,

blood Glucose, Lipid and Lipoprotein values of subjects that were fed with utazi (GROUP

TWO…………..…………………………………………..…………………………………103

4.17 Comparison of Lower Baseline value of the mean+SD of the Anthropometric Parameters

blood Glucose and Lipid and Lipoprotein values of subjects that were fed with walnuts and

utazi (GROUP THREE).……………………………………………………………………..105

4.18 Influence of High normal Baseline value on the mean+SD of the Anthropometric Parameters,

blood Glucose, Lipid and Lipoprotein values of subjects that were fed with walnuts and utazi

(GROUP THREE)…………………………………………………………………………………107

4.19 Influence of Low normal Baseline value on the mean+SD of the Anthropometric Parameters,

blood Glucose, Lipid and Lipoprotein values of Subjects that were