SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SITE SUITABILITY FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Locally available fresh water which is colourless, tasteless and odourless liquid, that is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen (WHO, 2006) can easily be contaminated when mixed with wastewater, this call for proper management of wastewater before discharge. Wastewater management system is one of the most important means of protecting public health and environment, due to the fact that, unmanaged wastewater can widely impact negatively on the environment and public health. A wastewater is water which carries waste in suspension or solution usually originates from industrial, municipal, agricultural and commercial areas and drains mainly through drainage system.
Effluents entering water bodies carries pathogenic organisms that transmit diseases such as typhoid, cholera and skin infections to human beings and other animals which consequently lead to untold suffering and loss of life. Side effects of wastewater does not end at causing diseases to human and animals, but it affects the phenology and vigour of farm products and other plants. The use of wastewater for irrigation purpose is a common practice in many developing countries such as India, Pakistan, Egypt, Sudan as well as Nigeria. Chen, Wang, and Huang (2004) observed that crops produced with wastewater especially from coal industry are highly affected by aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). They further argued that, the levels of persisted organic pollutants (POPs) in the water and a soil of irrigated land in India for example, is influenced by sewage sludge. In Kano metropolis, the practice of using wastewater has been on the increase especially in irrigation activities.
The term „treatment‟ of wastewater implies the use of chemical, physical or biological agents to remove pollutants and organic matter from wastewater; while wastewater treatment plant comprises the site, physical infrastructure and the process involved (FSC, 2003).
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SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SITE SUITABILITY FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
