World experience of the electric power industry restructuring

Problem statement. According to the forecasts of the International Energy Agency, in the world primary energy consumption will increase by an average of 1.3% per year, which will lead to 46% growth to 2040 [1]. This is primarily due to the increase of the population, the growth rate of the economy, per capita income and the development of technologies that entail the availability of a large number of household appliances and equipment, as well as inevitably increase in demand for energy-intensive products – cars, air conditioners, etc. The growth of industrial production and power consumption will inevitably lead to an increase in the amount of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, which in turn will lead to pollution and deterioration of the overall environment. In order to provide energy with ever-increasing demand and raise the level of energy security without allowing global climate change, the world energy system has to undergo a number of serious transformations. Taking into account the tendency of many countries of moving to a competitive electricity market, energy saving technologies and renewable energy sources, the relevance of this article is determined by the need to study the world experience of restructuring the industry with the aim of improving the global energy industry as a whole. Analysis of recent research and publications based on the problem under consideration. Systematic approach and methodological basis for solving the problems of enterprises restructuring are highlighted in the works of V. N. Burkova, I. I. Mazur, V. N. Trenev, D. V. Sokolov, And M. B. Sokolowski, A. K., Tutunjian, M. J. Jenneskens, T. Rantalainen, M. Hammer. Issues concerning enterprise restructuring in the electricity industry are analyzed in detail in the works of A. A. Tukenova and V. V. Khlebnikov [2-6]. However, despite the high degree of theoretical development and practical use of the electric power industry restructuring methods, the need of development an integrated approach determines the relevance of research on this topic. The main aim of this work is to analyze the world experience of restructuring the electricity industry. The research object is modern methods of the electricity industry restructuring in different countries. Presentation of basic material of the research. Energy is not only a fundamental branch of the economy, determining its real limits and opportunities, but also one of the most conservative industries. Since the cost of large power plants building is estimated at billions of dollars, and the project lifetime is at least 3050 years, we can now confidently imagine what the world energy industry will look like in the middle of the century as now, the foundation of our energy will be a fossil fuel, primarily hydrocarbon. Over the past decade, electricity production in the world has grown by almost 1.5 times, reaching 24.5 billion kWh in 2015 (fig. 1).