UYO AUDIENCE ASSESSMENTS OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONS OF TELEVISION BROADCASTERS IN UYO METROPOLIS

UYO AUDIENCE ASSESSMENTS OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONS OF TELEVISION BROADCASTERS IN UYO METROPOLIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover page

Title page

Certification             –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       i

Dedication       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       ii

Acknowledgement    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       iii

Abstract   –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       iv

Table of Content      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       v

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background to the Study         –       –       –       –       –       1

1.2   Statement of the Problem        –       –       –       –       –       2

1.3   Objectives of the Study    –       –       –       –       –       –       3

1.4   Research Questions –       –       –       –       –       –       3

1.5   Significance of the Study         –       –       –       –       –       4

1.6   Delimitation of the Study         –       –       –       –       –       5

1.7   Limitations of the Study  –       –       –       –       –       –       5

1.8   Definition of Terms  –       –       –       –       –       –       5

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1   Introduction             –       –       –       –       –       –       –       6

2.2   The Advent of Television Broadcast –       –       –       –       6

2.3   Development of Television Broadcast in Nigeria       –       –       7

2.4   Principles of Speech Delivery   –       –       –       –       10

2.5   Pattern of Speaking –       –       –       –       –       11

2.6   Effective Body Use   –       –       –       –       –       12

2.6.1        Facial Expression and Eye Contact –       –       –       12

2.6.2        Movement and Gestures  –       –       –       –       –       12

2.6.3        Personal Appearance       –       –       –       –       –       13

2.6.4        Presentation            –       –       –       –       –       –       13

2.7   The Basic Skills of the Television Broadcaster –       13

2.8   Basic Requirements of an Announcer      –       –       –       15

2.8.1        The Announcer’s Basic Attributes    –       –       –       16

2.9   Training as Announcers  –       –       –       –       –       17

2.9.1        Articulation      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       17

2.9.2 The Use of Microphones –       –       –       –       –       18

2.9.3        Eye Contact     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       18

2.9.4        Versatility        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       19

2.9.5        Individual Personality      –       –       –       –       –       19

2.9.6        The Policy of Practice Makes Perfect –       –       –       19

2.10 Theoretical Framework    –       –       –       –       –       19

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODS

3.1   Introduction             –       –       –       –       –       –       22

3.2   Area of Study   –       –       –       –       –       –       22

3.3   Research Design      –       –       –       –       –       –       23

3.4   Population of the Study   –       –       –       –       –       23

3.5   Sample Size and Sampling Technique     –       –       –       23

3.6   Research Instrument       –       –       –       –       –       24

3.7   Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument –       24

3.8   Method of Data Collection       –       –       –       –       24

3.9   Method of Data Analysis  –       –       –       –       –       25

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION OF DATA, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1   Introduction     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       26

4.2   Presentation of Data –       –       –       –       –       26

4.3   Discussion of Findings    –       –       –       –       –       31

4.3.1        Research Questions –       –       –       –       –       31

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1   Summary        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       33

5.2   Conclusion      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       33

5.3   Recommendations           –       –       –       –       –       34

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background to the Study

The word broadcasting has different meanings to different professionals. Basically, the way the aircraft pilots view it, is different from a communicator. Broadcasting technically means more than that. It transcends, this interpersonal or groups transmission of information through the television to transmitting for large, heterogeneous and dispersed audience. It also involves the use of the electronic media such as television and the radio to reach wider scattered audience. This aspect of broadcasting television which is the focus of this study has been assessed by various scholars from different perspectives. Basically, broadcast technology involves the use of transmitter which generates waves (electromagnetic) impulses that carry voice transmission of messages which make up radio and television (Okunna, 2000:66). Similarly, Okoye (2008:1) sees it as the dissemination of information, idea, attitudes and opinion through the use of airwaves to a heterogeneous and widely dispersed audience simultaneously.

Also, Owuamalam (2006:1) states that broadcasting involves the use of electromagnetic signals which are transmitted through space by means of the electronic media. Also, Nwanbueze (2008:55) further observes that broadcasting is an area of mass communication which transmits messages to an audience through coded signals transformed to an audience-consumable state by transducers within the radio and television sets. And Owuamalam (2002: 43) states that broadcasting is an electronically structured medium of interaction between a source and receiver. Broadcasting plays vital roles in reaching a large, heterogeneous, often scattered audience, with messages of all kinds, broadcast media’s effectiveness is underscored by their ability to break down barriers created by distance between the sender and receiver and such other factors as accessibility illiteracy, affordability and availability which often pose a barrier to the audience of the print media.

1.2   Statement of the Problem

Facial expressions of television broadcasters may not much be observed by viewers, sometimes, this could be attributed to the mere fact the matter has not been addressed. Secondly, enough researches have not been done in this regard. This brings about these questions;

1. Has facial expressions of television broadcasters been criticized by its viewers?
2. Has television broadcasters been aware that comments have been passed on them due to their nature of facial expressions?

This study therefore intends to research on Uyo audience assessment of facial expressions of television broadcasters.

1.3   Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study were specifically aimed to;

1. find out to what extent has television viewers assessed the facial expressions of television broadcasters.
2. find out the addiction viewing pattern of Uyo audience.
3. assess their opinion of facial expressions of television broadcasters.
4. find out if suggestions could be forwarded in order to effect properly facial expressions of television viewers.

1.4   Research Questions

The following research questions were formulated.

1. What extent has television viewers assessed the facial expressions of television broadcasters?
2. How is the addiction viewing pattern of Uyo audience?
3. How could we assess their opinion of facial expressions of television broadcasters?
4. Are there suggestions that could be forwarded in order to effect properly facial expressions of television viewers?

1.5   Significance of the Study

The study is significant because it intends to highlight more on Uyo audience assessment of facial expressions of television broadcasters. That means, the study intends also to look at the pronunciation skills of television broadcasters. Again, the study intends to make an appropriate analysis of linguistic factors such as interference due to mother tongue and other linguistic variables that could impede smooth articulation of words of television broadcasters.

It means that the study intends to add more to academic growth. Researchers, students of the Department of Mass Communication, television broadcasters and management of television broadcasts will also benefit from this study.

 

 

1.6   Delimitation of the Study

The study’s scope is Uyo Metropolis. Therefore, the audience viewers of the metropolis are to be interviewed on the facial expression of television broadcasters of AKBC TV 45 Uyo and NTA 12 Uyo.

1.7   Limitations of the Study

In the course of researching on the subject matter, the researcher was constrained by class work, tests and intensive reading due to the forthcoming examination. Secondly, retrieving copies of questionnaire from the respondents was difficult. This is because most of these respondents were always absent.

1.8   Definition of Terms

Key terms have been defined. They are;

Audience: Specifically referred to television viewers.

Assessment: Defined as the process of examining an issue with a view of finding out some possible measures to stop its bad aspects.

Facial Expression: The Term signifies ways and appearance exhibited by a television broadcast journalist when he/she is involved in broadcasting.

Television Broadcasters: These are personnel employed to work as newscasters, announcers on television.

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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