ABSTRACT
A statistical survey of household monthly income, size and monthly expenditure on food among Staff of Imo State University (IMSU), was carried out. The Staff were classified as Academic Staff, Senior Administrative Staff, Junior Administrative Staff and Contract Staff. The following Statistical techniques were used in analyzing the data. Based on the analysis, a model for the relationship between household monthly expenditure on food, household income and household size was established.
The major findings of the study indicated a significant influence of household size and household monthly income on household monthly expenditure on food.
Based on the findings, some recommendation on the ways of improving agricultural practice to increase food production, control of family sizes, and increment of wages and salaries of workers were made. Upon this, a call for more research work on this topic was suggested.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page – – – – – – – – –
Approval page – – – – – – – –
Dedication- – – – – – – – –
Acknowledgement- – – – – – – –
Abstract – – – – – – – – –
Table of Content- – – – – – – –
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION – – – – – – –
1.1 MOTIVATION AND STATEMENT OF PROBLEM- –
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY – – –
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS- – – – – –
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS – – – – –
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY – – – – –
1.6 NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE SURVEY- – –
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS- – — – – –
CHAPTER TWO
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE – – – – –
- RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY – – – – –
- SAMPLE FRAME- – – – – – –
- DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE – – –
- ILLUSTRATION OF THE STRATUM WEIGHT DERIVATION
- SAMPLE DESIGN/METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION –
- REASON FOR STRATIFICATION- – – – –
- PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING DATA COLLECTION
- PROCESSING AND TABULATION OF DATA – –
- REGRESSION ANALYSIS – – – – –
- MULTIPLE REGRESSION – – – – –
- MATRIX APPROACH TO LINEAR REGRESSION –
- INTERPRETION OF COEFFICIENTS – – –
- ASSUMPTION OF THE REGRESSION MODEL- –
- TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE OF REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS
- COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION – – –
- CORRELATION ANALYSIS — – – – –
- TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE OF SAMPLE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT – – – – – – –
- PATIAL CORRELATION COEFFICIENT – – –
- TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE OF PARTIAL CORRELATION
CHAPTER FOUR
- STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS/INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
- ESTIMATION OF MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL AND COEFFICIENT OF MULTIPLE DETERMINATION –
- ESTIMATION OF SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION OF HOUSEHOLD MONTHLY EXPENDITURE ON FOOD AND HOUSEHOLD MONTHLY INCOME – – – –
- ESTIMATION OF SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION OF HOUSEHOLD MONTHLY EXPENDITURE ON FOOD AND HOUSEHOLD SIZE – – – – – –
- TEST FOR SIGNIFICANCE FOR SIMPLE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT OF HOUSEHOLD MONTHLY EXPENDITURE ON INCOME AND HOUSEHOLD MONTHLY EXPENDITURE ON SIZE – – – – – – – – –
- ESTIMATION OF PARTIAL CORRELATION COEFFICIENT.
CHAPTER FIVE
- SUMMARY
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION –
- SUMMARY OF RESEARCH FINDINGS – – – –
- RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION – – –
REFERENCES- – – – – – – – – –
APPENDIX I – – – – – – – – –
APPENDIX II – – – – – – – – –
APPENDIX III – – – – – – – – –
APPENDIX IV – – – – – – – – –
APPENDIX V – – – – – – – – –
APPENDIX VI – – – – – – – – –
APPENDIX VII- – – – – – – – – –
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 MOTIVATION AND STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Over the years, the Nigerian economy had not always been in a steady state as a result of the unsteady oil prices in the world market. An article written by Tunde (1986) on petroleum profit tax in Nigeria emphasized that the situation is really pitiable since the country depends solely on oil as her major foreign earner. Moreover, there had been a decline in agricultural produce, which makes the situation worse. This decline in agricultural produce invariably crippled food supply, hence making it difficult for the nation to fend for her citizenry. According to ikoku(1980) “one solution to the problem of hunger is for the hungry to produce the food themselves”. But the country failed to work in this direction, due to misappropriation and poor implementation of developmental policies and programme in the agricultural sector.
According to Adamu(1999) “since the early 70’s various regimes that had ruled the country attempted to address the nations food supply problem by instituting different programmes that yielded no success” This economic decadence undoubtedly imposes untold hardship on the citizenry. In line with this, Ikoku (1980) maintained that the most outstanding feature for man’s survival from the time of his creation has been his unceasing quest to have enough to eat but, ironically it is this goal that has eluded him most.
In view of this, the Nigerian situation is really pitiable. The excruciating economic downturn now forced people, particularly the fixed income earners to live from hand to mouth. People with large family size now find it difficult to maintain their regular feeding formula, irrespective of the nutritive composition of the food items. People had been prone to disease because of malnutrition. In addition to disease incidence, there had been increase in crime wave, prostitution and sorts of social menace.
In attempt to salvage this economic situation, the federal government in collaboration with various international and local organizations instituted some policies and programmes. These programmes, among others were: the Structural Adjustment programme (SAP), operation feed the nation (OFN), the Green Revolution National Family Planning Programme and recently introduced PTF fund’s food supply project etc the acceleration fertility regulation and family planning programmes were instituted in view of the increasing incident of unwanted pregnancies, abortions abandoned babies and child abuse which constituted a national social problem.
Despite all government effort in bringing policies and programmes in place, in order to achieve their targeted aims and objectives, little or none of their impact had been felt by citizenry. Adamu (1999) maintain that government’s policies and programmes often failed because of their ill implementation. Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), which was an inward looking, intuitive, economic transformer and self-depending economic models, according to Ezeaku(1993), was not implemented. He further stated that the resultant effect of it was an untold hardship on fixed income earners particularly those in civil service.
The escalating food prices were beyond the reach of workers. All government efforts in price control proved futile workers in various government establishments decided embarking on strike action, to press for salary increment, in order to keep pace with inflation on food prices. This was attested from the household survey inducted by federal office of statistics from July-September in 1996 in overall expenditure pattern of households. They arrived at the conclusion that the urban dwellers surfer most from the incessant increase in food prices, followed by the semi urban settlers, and that the rural dwellers were least affected. In light of the above findings the researchers therefore deemed it necessary to carryout a survey of the staff of Imo state university Owerri.
